The growth of aquaculture as an industry has accelerated over the past decades; this has resulted in environmental damages and low productivity of various crops. The need for increased disease resistance, growth of aquatic organisms, and feed efficiency has brought about the use of probiotics in aquaculture practices. The first application of probiotics occurred in 1986, to test their ability to increase growth of hydrobionts (organisms that live in water). Later, probiotics were used to improve water quality and control of bacterial infections. Nowadays, there is documented evidence that probiotics can improve the digestibility of nutrients, increase tolerance to stress, and encourage reproduction. Currently, there are commercial probiotic products prepared from various bacterial species such as Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Enterococcus sp., Carnobacterium sp., and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae among others, and their use is regulated by careful management recommendations. The present paper shows the current knowledge of the use of probiotics in aquaculture, its antecedents, and safety measures to be carried out and discusses the prospects for study in this field.
Introducción…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..1 1. Estado de la cuestión 1. Sigue caminos profundamente diferentes de la poesía tradicional, 2. al hacerlo, echa luz sobre los caminos de esta última, a quien la costumbre ha convertido en trivial.3. La experimentación es el camino de la ciencia, no importa cuál sea la naturaleza del objeto experimentado.El quehacer poético experimental generó polémica porque cuestionó la separación canónica entre las artes, entre la ciencia y el arte y entre la palabra y la imagen; además, negó o puso en duda la capacidad comunicativa del lenguaje verbal. Por otro lado, el adjetivo experimental sólo había sido usado en el ámbito científico, por lo que su uso en literatura fue molesto.Moles equiparó arte con ciencia cuando introdujo el adjetivo para definir poesía (1971, p. 52).Experimental, para algunos como Upton (1999), remite a la ciencia, opuesta por la academia al arte. Por ello no está completamente de acuerdo con su uso en el arte: "I do not want to limit 'experimental' to its science laboratory meaning, but I am not happy with its meaning being extended to work which should be published because of its innate but indefinable virtues indicated solely by the use of this word when used by the author".
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