The aim of the current meta-analysis was to determine the effects of acute and chronic interval training (IT) on peripheral BDNF concentrations in healthy young adults. A literature search was performed using six databases until February 2020. The TESTEX scale was used to assess the quality of studies. Effect sizes (ES) were computed and two-tailed α values <0 .05 and non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were considered statistically significant. Heterogeneity, inconsistency (I2), and small-study effects using the Luis Furuya-Kanamori (LFK) index were examined. Fifteen studies (n=277 participants, age =24±3 yr.) were included. The overall effects of IT on circulating BDNF concentrations were moderate and non-significant (ES =0.64, 95%CI = -0.01, 1.30, heterogeneous (p<0.001), highly inconsistent (I2=90%), and with major asymmetry (LFK index =2.85). The acute effect of IT on peripheral BDNF levels was large and significant (ES =1.22, 95%CI =0.08), homogenous (p<0.001), with considerable inconsistency (I2=93%), and major asymmetry (LFK index =3.34). The chronic effect of IT on circulating BDNF was large and significant (ES =0.93, 95%CI =0.40), homogenous (p<0.001), with moderate inconsistency (I2=70%), and minor asymmetry (LFK index =1.21). Acute and chronic IT, elicited a moderate increase in peripheral BDNF concentrations in a healthy young population.
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