Patients with chronic kidney disease show poorer functional and cardiorespiratory capacity than healthy individuals, and these impairments result in sedentarism. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials on the effects of different intradialytic exercise protocols on cardiopulmonary capacity in chronic kidney disease patients. The primary outcome was peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and the secondary outcomes were exercise duration and ventilation in the cardiopulmonary test. The quality of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE guidelines. Seven studies with a total of 124 participants met the inclusion criteria. Compared to the non-exercise group, the exercise group improved in mean VO2peak (MD 4.06 [IC 0.81; 7.31]). In a separate analysis according to exercise modality, aerobic exercise plus strength training performed better than aerobic exercise alone (MD 5.28 [IC 3.90; 6.66]). In the exercise group, both exercise tolerance values (MD 3.10 [IC 1.70; 4.51]) and ventilation values in the cardiopulmonary test were better than those of the control group (MD 13.10 [IC 7.12; 19.09]). Thus, intradialytic exercise protocols can improve cardiopulmonary function, exercise tolerance and ventilatory efficiency in chronic kidney disease patients.

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Descrevemos nesse artigo uma abordagem diastereosseletiva, a partir de adutos de MoritaBaylis-Hillman (MBH), para a preparação de sistemas 2-amino-1,3-propanodióis substituídos com estereoquímica relativa anti. Estas unidades estruturais têm sido utilizadas como intermediárias para a síntese de diversas substâncias de interesse farmacológico e comercial. Nessa estratégia, os anti 2-amino-1,3-propanodióis foram facilmente preparados por ozonólise de dióis alílicos obtidos de adutos de MBH, seguido de uma aminação redutiva diastereosseletiva dos 2-oxo-1,3-propanodióis. Para demonstrar a utilidade desses aminodióis, eles foram transformados em oxazolidin-2-onas substituídas, que também foram utilizadas na determinação indireta da configuração relativa dos aminodióis.We report herein a new diastereoselective approach to substituted 2-amino-1,3-propanediols with anti relative stereochemistry from Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) adducts. These structural moieties have been used as intermediates for the synthesis of several compounds with relevant pharmacological and commercial interest. In this strategy, substituted anti 2-amino-1,3-propanediols were readily prepared via ozonolysis of allylic diols obtained from MBH adducts, followed by a diastereoselective reductive amination of the substituted 2-oxo-1,3-propanediols. To demonstrate the synthetic utility of these aminodiols, they were transformed into substituted oxazolidin-2-ones, which were also used in the indirect determination of the relative stereochemistry of the aminodiols.

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have lower pulmonary function, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength values when compared to the general population, which reflects negatively in the quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to compare the pulmonary function, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, and QoL between CKD patients and healthy individuals. Cross-sectional study with a consecutive sample of 39 individuals separated into three groups: nondialysisdependent CKD in stage 5 (CKD-5), HD group (CKD-HD), and healthy individuals.The tests performed were spirometry, manovacuometry, handgrip strength (HGS), and Medical Outcomes Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). A significant difference between groups was observed in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ) and its predicted value (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively), forced vital capacity (FVC), and its predicted value (p = 0.008 and p < 0.001, respectively), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and its predicted value (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and its predicted value (p = 0.022), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) and its predicted value (p = 0.030 and p = 0.009, respectively) in which CKD-5 presented the worst values, followed by CKD-HD and healthy group. The CKD-5 had worse pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, and QoL. Moreover, CKD-HD also showed some impairment in pulmonary function and QoL when compared with healthy individuals. Even with the peripheral muscle strength preserved, its decrease is proportional to the pulmonary impairment in the evaluated CKD patients. K E Y W O R D S chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis, muscle strength, pulmonary function, quality of life 1 | INTRODUCTION Pulmonary function in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients is a neglected subject and not well documented in the literature. It is known that fluid overload due to Patrícia de Souza Rezende and Francini Porcher Andrade contributed equally to this study.

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Diastereoselective Approach to Substituted Oxazolidinones from Morita--Baylis-Hillman Adducts. -The syntheses of the compounds (I) and (V) include the preparation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts and a Curtius rearrangement. -(REZENDE, P.; PAIOTI, P. H. S.; COELHO*, F.; Synth. Commun. 41 (2011) 2, 227-242, http://dx.