The prevalence of dementia in this study was higher than in other studies, particularly among younger elderly.

Background It is important to identify and provide preventative interventions for youth who are most at risk for offending behaviour, but the connection between early childhood or adolescent experiences and later delinquency adjudication is complicated.Aim To test for associations between specified mental disorders or maltreatment and later delinquency adjudication.Method Participants were a random sample of youth before the juvenile courts in two Northeast Ohio counties in the USA (n = 555) over a 4‐year time frame (2003 to 2006).Results Logistic regression analysis identified a lifetime diagnosis of depression and/or bipolar disorder to be predictive of later youth delinquency adjudication, but found that childhood maltreatment (or involvement with the child welfare system) made delinquency outcomes less likely.Implications Study implications are discussed as they relate to professionals working in the fields of child welfare, social work, mental health and juvenile justice. Awareness of risks associated with maltreatment may have led to effective interventions, while there may be less awareness of risks from depression in young people; however, studies tend not to take account of intervention variables. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Disproportionate minority contact and confinement (DMC)

Despite the centrality of the construcl ill tht: tield of alcohol and other drug (ADD) addiction, denial remains poorly conceptualized. One reason for this na rrow conceptualization is thc recenl unihncral dcvotion 10 the T ranslhcorctical , \-Iodd (I~r,\ I). In an d'foTl 10 demonstrate denial's thcorc:tica! complexity, the TfM and fin~ additional intuitively appealing theories of denial wi!! be sutlllllari:.:ed. T he strengths and weaknesses of each theory and possible treatment implications based on each theory wi!! also be pre~t:nted. Tht: article concludes with a recommendation for future re~eareh to t:valuatt: multiple theories of denial using consistent and rigorous research methodology in order to de"clop a comprehen~i\"(~ Iheory of denial. 'nlis will promote evolulion of the deductive research proce~~, and el"enlUa!!y lead to the del"e!opment of empirica!)y generated inlen"entions which addres~ the comrk ... nature and etiology of denial.

Depression is a heterogeneous mental disease classified as a set of disorders, which manifest with a certain duration, frequency and intensity. The prevalence of depression in the elderly ranges from 0.5 to 16%.OBJECTIVETo establish, in an epidemiological study, the prevalence of significant depressive symptoms in the population aged 60 years or older.METHODSResults of a cross-sectional epidemiological study, involving home visits, being carried out in the city of Tremembé, Brazil, were reported. The sample was randomly selected by drawing 20% of the population over 60 years from each of the city's census sectors. In this single-phase study, the assessment included clinical history, physical and neurological examination, cognitive evaluation, the Cornell scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire for psychiatric symptoms. Scores greater than or equal to 8 on the Cornell scale were taken to indicate the presence of depressive symptoms.RESULTSA total of 455 elders were assessed, and of these 169 (37.1%) had clinically significant depressive symptoms (CSDS). Depression prevalence was higher among women (p<0.001) and individuals with lower education (p=0.033). The Chi-square test for trends showed a significant relationship where lower socioeconomic status was associated with greater likelihood of depressive symptoms (p=0.005).CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of depressive symptoms was high in this sample of the population-based study and was associated with female gender, low educational level and socioeconomic status. The assessment of the entire population sample must be completed.