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We conducted a retrospective study to analyze the CD4 ϩ recovery of naive vertically human immunodeficiency virus-infected children with severe immunodeficiency who were followed up during at least 4 years of receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Children with baseline CD4 ϩ of Ͻ15% did not reach a mean CD4 ϩ of Ն25% after the 4th year on HAART. We conclude that starting HAART after severe immunosuppression of naive HIV-infected children may not be effective for recovery of normal %CD4 ϩ .