Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides conjugated to protein D for prevention of acute otitis media caused by both Streptococcus pneumoniae and non‐typable Haemophilus influenzae: a randomised double‐blind efficacy study

Cost effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination among Dutch infants: economic analysis of the seven valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine and forecast for the 10 valent and 13 valent vaccines

“…§Utilities reported by Prosser et al were used for children aged up to 5 years old. 40 ¶Efficacy against acute otitis media was assumed to be 33.6%, as was shown for the precursor vaccine of PCV-10 by Prymula et al 41 NA, not applicable; PCV-7/10/13, seven/10/13 valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine; QALY, quality adjusted life year.…”

A few years later

“…This study tested an 11-valent vaccine, not the currently available PCV10. 16 In addition, the POET trial may not be comparable with other studies regarding acute otitis media (AOM). 17,18 Furthermore, it has been shown that PCV10 does not impact carriage for NTHi.…”

“…26 Another study on the effects of pneumococcal vaccination on AOM, was the Pneumococcal Otitis Efficacy Trial (POET). 16 Scenario 5 shows the cost-effectiveness when these efficacy numbers were used. Scenarios 6 and 7 explored the effect of the assumed cross-protection of PCV10 against serotype 19A.…”

Vaccine development forMoraxella catarrhalis: rationale, approaches and challenges

“…A recent trial showed partial efficacy induced by a conserved surface protein of H. influenzae in preventing otitis media [2]. Both H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis are nonencapsulated Gram-negative bacteria, are exclusively human pathogens, share an ecological niche and cause a similar spectrum of respiratory tract infection.…”

“…The role of bacterial infection in triggering otitis media with effusion has yet to be fully elucidated. However, trials that have evaluated vaccines have used acute otitis media exclusively as the end point [1,2]. Future trials of vaccines might include in their design an assessment of the effect of vaccines on otitis media with effusion and chronic otitis media, in addition to acute otitis media.…”