The ATR72 was the first civil aircraft with a composite wing, to be certified JAR/FAR 25 (Joint Aviation Requirements/Federal Aviation Regulations). Using the latest developments composites ACJ 25603, AC20-107A comply with the requirements of JAR/FAR 25; the ATR72 composite outer wing box was certified by the DGAC in September 1989 and by FAA in December 1989. This paper deals with Aerospatiale's innovative approach, focusing on four major certification topics: the determination of allowables from statistical analysis substantiated by tests on cross-ply plain and notched laminates; the fatigue and damage tolerance substantiations performed by analysis to show the non-initiation of fatigue damage and by full-scale test for the no-growth of acceptable manufacturing defects and accidental damages; the development of a probabilistic approach to determine the inspection intervals for accidental impacts in damage-tolerance justifications; the compliance philosophy developed to qualify a second source material (approved by the company in 1992).
In this paper we are studying the application of techniques to solve constraint satisfaction problems (CSP) for designing mechanical systems. After presenting the CSP method and the several ways to solve it, we introduce an optimization point of view for CSP. Then, we propose a quick overview of CSP application in product engineering. An example in mechanical system optimization is given via the case study of the optimal design of a bolt coupling. The case is modelled as a Constraint Satisfaction Problem on real variables. Finally, numerical results illustrate the resolution process with a CSP approach.
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