Plutonium is a metal of both technological relevance and fundamental scientific interest. Nevertheless, the electronic structure of plutonium, which directly influences its metallurgical properties, is poorly understood. For example, plutonium's 5f electrons are poised on the border between localized and itinerant, and their theoretical treatment pushes the limits of current electronic structure calculations. Here we extend the range of complexity exhibited by plutonium with the discovery of superconductivity in PuCoGa5. We argue that the observed superconductivity results directly from plutonium's anomalous electronic properties and as such serves as a bridge between two classes of spin-fluctuation-mediated superconductors: the known heavy-fermion superconductors and the high-T(c) copper oxides. We suggest that the mechanism of superconductivity is unconventional; seen in that context, the fact that the transition temperature, T(c) approximately 18.5 K, is an order of magnitude greater than the maximum seen in the U- and Ce-based heavy-fermion systems may be natural. The large critical current displayed by PuCoGa5, which comes from radiation-induced self damage that creates pinning centres, would be of technological importance for applied superconductivity if the hazardous material plutonium were not a constituent.
The superconducting properties of the recently discovered PuMGa5 (M=Co,Rh) superconductors, including the power law behavior of the specific heat, the evolution of the superconducting transition T(c) temperature with pressure, and the linear relation between T(c) and ratio of tetragonal lattice parameters c/a, are compared to those of the heavy fermion CeMIn5 (M=Co,Rh,Ir) unconventional superconductors. The striking similarity of the properties between the two families of superconductors suggests a common physics and a common (magnetically mediated) mechanism of superconductivity.
The most remarkable advance that one can report as regards transuranium
systems is certainly the discovery of superconductivity above 18 K in PuCoGa5.
Motivated by this discovery, we have investigated bulk samples of both PuCoGa5
and its Rh analogue. Characterizations of polycrystalline
Co and Rh compounds are reported. The new PuRhGa5
compound is also found to become superconducting above 8 K.
We carried out a complete study (magnetic, electronic, dielectric, dynamic, and elastic properties) of the nickel hydroxide [Ni(OH)2] from first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. No theoretical investigations of these physical properties have been previously reported in literature. Our work supports that Ni(OH)2 is an A-type antiferromagnetic material. In addition, it is negative uniaxial and semiconducting with a direct band gap at the Γ point around 3 eV. By contrast to its electronic dielectric tensor, its static tensor is strongly anisotropic in the plane orthogonal to its optical axis. This anisotropy is mainly governed by a highly polar phonon centered around 510 cm−1 and assigned as a rotational Eu mode. Both Raman and infrared spectra have been computed to clarify the longstanding debate on the assignment of the Ni(OH)2 phonon modes reported in literature. All these theoretical results are fruitfully compared to the experimental ones obtained on large Ni(OH)2 "pseudosingle" crystals when available
In 1928, Zachariasen discovered the LiNbO 3 phase. [1] The first single crystals were grown using the flux method by Matthias Over the past five decades, LiNbO 3 and LiTaO 3 single crystals and thin films have been studied intensively for their exceptional acoustic, electro-optical, and pyroelectric and ferroelectric properties. Today, LiNbO 3 single crystals in electro-optics are equivalent to silicon in electronics, and about 70% of radio-frequency (RF) filters, based on surface acoustic waves, are fabricated on these single crystals. These materials in the form of thin films are needed urgently for the development of the next-generation of high-frequency and/or wide-band RF filters or tuneable frequency filters adapted to the fifth generation of infrastructures/networks/communications. The integration of LiNbO 3 films in guided nanophotonic devices will allow higher operational frequencies, wider bandwidth, and miniaturized optical devices in line with improved electronic conversion. Here, the challenges and the achievements in the epitaxial growth of LiTaO 3 and LiNbO 3 thin films and their integration with silicon technology and to acoustic and guided nanophotonic devices are discussed in detail. The systematic representation and classification of all epitaxial relationships reported in the literature have been carried out in order to help the prediction of the epitaxial orientations in the new heterostructures. Future prospects of potential applications and the expected performances of thin film devices are overviewed, as well.Figure 2. Schematic representation of the layer transfer process by the ion slicing technique consisting of a) ion implantation, b) wafer bonding, c) laser irradiation or heating in order to obtain d) a single crystalline layer on the host (Si) substrate. Reproduced with permission. [53]Figure 3. a,b) Electron microscopy images and c) schematic diagram of a microresonator based on LiNbO 3 film on Si and fabricated by the layer transfer technique. Reproduced with permission. [53]The first reports on the growth of c-axis-oriented LN films by liquid phase epitaxy on an LT substrate and by RF sputtering Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 4, 1600998 www.advmatinterfaces.de www.advancedsciencenews.com Figure 6. Frequency response of a) HBAR and b) FBAR based on thinned X-cut LiNbO 3 layer on Si. Schematic representations of a) HBAR and b) FBAR structures are given in the insets. Reproduced with permission. [78]
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