Indonesia memiliki lahan mangrove seluas 4,255 juta ha, termasuk yang terluas di dunia. Salah satu species yang banyak tumbuh di lahan mangrove adalah Rhizophora mucronata. Potensi tanaman mangrove di Bontang sebagai bahan baku pewarna alami cukup memadai. Luas tanam 2.935 ha menempati luasan sekitar 70% dari lahan yang tersedia. Luasan tersebut, terdapat sekitar 3 juta pohon jenis ini bila dianggap jarak tanam 2 m x 2 m, dengan anggapan bahwa setiap tahun satu batang pohon spesies ini menghasilkan 50 kg buah dan 50% buah tersebut dipergunakan untuk pembibitan maka masih tersedia sebanyak 75.000 ton buah sebagai bahan baku pewarna alami. Apabila perolehan proses ini sebesar 5% maka berpotensi diperoleh pewarna alami sebanyak 3.750 ton. Pada penelitian ini pengambilan zat warna alami dari buah mangrove spesies Rhizopora mucronata dilakukan dengan proses ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut air pada perbandingan massa bahan terhadap pelarut 1 : 10, suhu 100 °C selama 60 menit. Zat warna tersebut kemudian dipekatkan dengan proses evaporasi hingga volume tinggal 30%. Selanjutnya ekstrak dimanfaatkan untuk pewarnaan pada kain batik. Pada penelitian ini dipelajari pengaruh jumlah pencelupan : 5 kali, 7 kali, dan 10 kali terhadap hasil pewarnaan pada kain. Selain itu dipelajari juga pengaruh larutan fixer terhadap hasil pewarnaan pada kain. Larutan fixeryang digunakan pada percobaan ini yaitu tawas, kapur tohor dan tunjung. Untuk kain yang dicelupkan pada fixer tawas, memberikan warna yang lebih muda. Pencelupan zat warna dengan fixer kapur tohor memberikan warna coklat, sesuai warna asli ekstrak buah mangrove dan fixer dengan tunjung memberikan warna kehitaman.
<p>Abstract: The use of synthetic dyes for food in Indonesia reached 88%. The synthetic dyes<br />have the negative impact for healthy. This study was conducted to determine how produce bixin<br />natural pigments from annatto seed by extraction process, how the optimum conditions and<br />their application. Bixin extraction from the seeds annatto using acetone (CH<br />3<br />) and<br />sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as solvent. The various of extraction were concentration, extraction<br />temperature, stirring speed and the ratio of material to solvent. The bixin analysis used UV-Vis<br />spectrophotometer at maximum absorbance and FTIR spectrophotometer to determine the<br />groups of bixin. The water content in the bixin seeds is 37%. The optimum conditions of the<br />extraction process of bixin seed is 0.25 N NaOH as solvent, 60<br />C, 400 rpm stirring speed and<br />weight of material to solvent ratio 1:20.<br />Keywords: Extraction, bixin, annatto, bixa orellana, sodium hydroxide<br />o<br />COCH<br />3</p>
Rice is a carbohydrate source and staple food for around the world of people, specially in Asia. Carbohydrate consumption , especially rice, can have effects of diabetes desease type 2. It is caused by the glycemic index of white rice is higher of 56. This research was conducted to study the effects of parboiled ciherang rice and extract of keji beling leaf. The rice was submerged for 6 hours so the mouisture increased to 30%. It was cooked in an autoclave at 116 <sup>o</sup>C for 15 minutes. The cooked rice then it was dried at 50 oC for 24 hours. This method didn’t have effects on reducing glycemic index but it increased the glycemic index higher than 54, e.g. 56 by tester 1 and 80 by tester 2.
<p>Abstract: Carbon dioxide content in biogas produced by fermentation is still high. Because of<br />that, biogas need a process purification to reduce carbon dioxide content. In this work, Ca(OH)2<br />solution was contacted with biogas in a column for reducing the CO<br />2<br />content. This research<br />studied the effect of packing type used in absorber column on the rate of CO<br />2<br />reduction. Based<br />on experimental data and modelling, it was found that the reaction between CO<br />2<br />followed first order reaction. The constant of rate reaction was affected by the packing type<br />which using glass ball, plastic pipe, ceramic, wood, and clay roof, the constant rate were 0.781,<br />0.464, 0.916, 0.637, and 0.987 min<br />Keywords: Biogas, CO<br />2<br />, Ca(OH)2<br />-1<br />, respectively.<br />, absorber, rate of reaction</p>
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