This study investigated the effect of milk packet waste (Tetra Pak™) and maleic anhydride–grafted polyethylene (MAPE) on the physical and mechanical properties of wood–plastic composites. Tetra Pak was used in four levels (0, 10, 20, and 30%) and MAPE was applied in two levels (0 and 3%). The morphology of the samples was characterized using the scanning electron microscope technique. The results showed that adding Tetra Pak and MAPE to samples increased the flexural strength and modulus of elasticity and reduced 24-h water absorption and thickness swelling. The results were also confirmed by electron microscopy images.
The present study seeks to investigate the effect of beverage storage carton (Tetra Pak™) waste and maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene (MAPE), coordinated to light polyethylene on the mechanical properties of wood–plastic composites. Four levels of Tetra Pak™ (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) and two levels MAPE (0% and 3%) were used. At first, the materials were mixed in a Haake internal mixer and then the samples were made through the injection molding method. The results showed that the composites containing 30% of Tetra Pak™ and 3% MAPE have the highest strength and tensile modulus. Moreover, the sample Tetra Pak™ and containing 3% of MAPE has the highest impact resistance. These results have been confirmed by scanning electron microscopy.
Silver-clay nanohybrids based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with montmorillonit (MMT) and milled MMT, shortly AgMMTnano and AgMMTmilled, have been prepared to improve the performance of antibacterial properties of paper. The results obtained by dynamic light scattering indicated the presence of silver particles in the nanometer range, which have a great accumulation tendency. The results of AAS and ICP-AES tests showed that nanosilver amount in the AgMMTmilled was doubled compared to the AgMMTnano, but according to the EDX results, the amount of nanosilver in paper treated with the former was less than in the latter. FE-SEM images showed that the dimensions of deposited nanosilver on the surface of clay were smaller than in case of AgNPs alone. Papers treated with nanohybrids had better antibacterial properties compared to that prepared by naked nanosilver. It was also found that the antibacterial property of papers treated with AgMMTnano were more stable during three-stage tests compared to those with AgMMTmilled. Nanohybrids with Ag conc. more than 15 ppm, especially hybrids with Ag conc. of 50 ppm, result in a significant improvement in antibacterial properties of paper. It can be concluded that silver-clay nanohybrid with a 25-ppm concentration of nanosilver could be the best and most economic antibacterial component.
The papers have a porous structure which can be a suitable medium for the growth of bacteria. Therefore, in the sanitary papers, creation of a suitable antibacterial property is necessary. In this way, the plant extracts were prepared using solid-liquid extraction method from the Rosmarinus officinalis, Olea europaea, Mentha spicata and Punica granatum. Relatively, the total phenol and flavonoid contents were determined according to colorimetric method. Their antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH method. The extracts were sprayed on the surface of the handsheets, and then their antibacterial activity was investigated. The results showed that extracts from the P. granatum has the highest phenol (5.82%) and antioxidant activity (71.13%), while the extract from the R. officinalis had the highest flavonoid (4.23%) and antibacterial activity (90.43%). Hence, it can be concluded that these two extracts could be the suitable combinations to create desirable antibacterial properties in the manufacture of papers with sanitary purposes.
Silver-clay nanohybrids based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with montmorillonit (MMT) and milled MMT, shortly AgMMTnano and AgMMTmilled, have been prepared to improve the performance of antibacterial properties of paper. The results obtained by dynamic light scattering indicated the presence of silver particles in the nanometer range, which have a great accumulation tendency. The results of AAS and ICP-AES tests showed that nanosilver amount in the AgMMTmilled was doubled compared to the AgMMTnano, but according to the EDX results, the amount of nanosilver in paper treated with the former was less than in the latter. FE-SEM images showed that the dimensions of deposited nanosilver on the surface of clay were smaller than in case of AgNPs alone. Papers treated with nanohybrids had better antibacterial properties compared to that prepared by naked nanosilver. It was also found that the antibacterial property of papers treated with AgMMTnano were more stable during three-stage tests compared to those with AgMMTmilled. Nanohybrids with Ag conc. more than 15 ppm, especially hybrids with Ag conc. of 50 ppm, result in a significant improvement in antibacterial properties of paper. It can be concluded that silver-clay nanohybrid with a 25-ppm concentration of nanosilver could be the best and most economic antibacterial component.Keywords: antibacterial efficiency; antibacterial paper; antibacterial stability; bursting strength; clay; dynamic light scattering (DLS); hydrophilic additives; hydrophobic additives; montmorillonit; resistance to air penetration; silver nanoparticles ; tear strength; turbidity test; water absorption Users without a subscription are not able to see the full content. Please, subscribe or login to access all content.
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