Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP-K90)
is widely used to manage dry eye
syndrome (DES). The marketed eye drop solutions (high dose) need frequent
instillation, affecting the routine lifestyle of patients. PVP-K90-laden
contact lenses can be used to overcome the limitations of eye drop
solutions (low bioavailability and frequent instillation). However,
the conventional methods of PVP-K90 loading show poor loading capacity
and short duration of effect. In the present study, we have developed
PVP-K90-coated contact lenses via a short curing approach to increase
the PVP-K90 loading capacity with a sustained release profile to manage
dry eye syndrome. PVP-K90 was loaded by a soaking method (SM-PVP),
direct loading (during fabrication, DL-PVP), a combination of soaking
and direct loading (DL-SM-PVP), and a novel coating process (SM-PVP-C
and DL-SM-PVP-C). The swelling studies suggested improvement in the
water uptake (hydration) property of the contact lenses due to the
presence of PVP-K90. The optical transparency was within an acceptable
range. The in vitro release of PVP-K90 was in the following order:
PVP-coated contact lens (168 h) > DL-SM-PVP (168 h) > DL-PVP
(96 h)
> SM-PVP (72–96 h). PVP-coated contact lenses showed a high
burst effect (lubricating effect) and sustained release (3161–448
ng/h between 24 and 168 h) due to high PVP loading/coating in comparison
to the uncoated respective contact lenses (964–113 ng/h between
24 and 96 h). In animal studies, the PVP-K90-coated contact lens showed
higher tear volume in comparison to the respective uncoated contact
lenses and an eye drop solution. This study demonstrates a novel approach
of coating a high amount of PVP-K90 on contact lenses for sustained
release to manage several ocular diseases like dry eye syndrome, conjunctivitis,
and other ocular injuries.
We describe the formulation of bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (BSA-NPs) by the coacervation method using surfactants. Plasmids (pUC18, pUC18egfp and pBBR1MCS-2) isolated from E. coli were incorporated into the BSA matrix by incubating in albumin solution prior to formulation of NPs. Plasmid incorporation was calculated by % yield, entrapment efficiency, DNA loading capacity and release of entrapped DNA by comparing with blank NPs. BSA-DNA binding studies were carried out by using fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The surface charge distribution of the NPs loaded with plasmid was calculated using zeta potential. The photoluminescence of BSA-NPs was quenched when loaded with pDNA, confirming the interaction of DNA with BSA. Altogether, these results provide evidences for the excellent DNA carrying efficiency of BSA-NPs without loss of plasmid's integrity. The NPs were used to transfect E. coli DH5α strain lacking ampicillin resistance. They, however, showed ampicillin resistance subsequent to transfection with plasmid encoding ampicillin resistance gene. Effect of transfection was confirmed by confocal microscopy and by the isolation of the plasmid by agarose gel electrophoresis from the transfected bacterial culture. This study clearly demonstrates the efficacy of BSA-NPs as delivery vehicle for pDNA transfection.
Mobile crowd sensing (MSC) is a technique which uses these powerful devices – smartphones, tablet, computers, wearables devices to collect required data and extract information to measure, analyze, estimate or infer any processes of common interest. By using Participatory crown sensing technique, we are going to design an android application for parking system.<br>
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