Background: As one of the most malignant neoplasm of salivary glands, adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) displays epithelial and myoepithelial differentiation. The myoepithelial cells seem to act as tumor-suppressor via their secretory properties. Objectives: The present study was designed to evaluate the prognostic significance of p63 (myoepithelial cell marker), maspin, and MMP-2 expression in samples of ACC. Methods: P63, maspin, and MMP-2 expression were examined immunohistochemically in 32 cases with ACC. The relationship between markers expression and clinicopathologic data was assessed, using non-parametric tests and t test. Results: P63 and maspin expression demonstrated inverse significant correlation with histologic grade, respectively (P = 0.045, P = 0.019). Indeed, association between P63 and maspin expression was observed (r = 0.588, P < 0.001). Correlation between tumor size and lymph node metastasis was also found (P = 0.016). Conclusions: According to the correlation of P63 and maspin expression with histologic grade, as a prognostic determinant of ACC, P63 and maspin can be useful markers for predicting biologic behavior of ACC, which may lead to new treatment modality in salivary gland tumors containing myoepithelial cell. Furthermore, tumor size can be considered as an indicator of lymph node metastasis.
Introduction: Pulp sensitivity tests are commonly used for assessment of pulp vitality. However, indirect assessment of pulp vitality by evaluation of nerve response and subjective nature are the main limitations of these tests. Pulse oximetry is used for assessment of blood oxygen saturation in medicine, and its efficacy for assessment of pulp vitality needs to be evaluated. Aim: This study aimed to assess and compare the efficacy of pulse oximeter with a modified probe, cold test, and electric pulp test for evaluation of pulp vitality in permanent immature teeth. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 240 permanent maxillary incisors in four groups based on the type of tooth (central and lateral incisors) and degree of root development (complete or incomplete). Also 40 endodontically treated central and lateral incisors teeth in two groups were evaluated as negative controls. Pulp vitality was assessed by an expert clinician using pulse oximeter, cold test, and electric pulp test. Based on the true and false positive and negative responses, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood, diagnostic accuracy, and diagnostic odds ratio were calculated. Results: The pulse oximeter showed diagnostic accuracy of 98.7% in the permanent central incisors with complete and incomplete roots and 100% in the permanent lateral incisors with complete and incomplete roots. The diagnostic accuracy of the electric pulp test was 76.2% and 92.5% in the incomplete and complete central incisors, respectively, and 76.2% and 83.7% in the incomplete and complete lateral incisors, respectively. The cold test had a diagnostic accuracy of 85% and 92.5% in the incomplete and complete central incisors, respectively, and 91.2% and 88.7% in the incomplete and complete lateral incisors, respectively. Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that pulse oximetry has a higher specificity and better accuracy than the cold test and the electric pulp test in assessing the pulp vitality in the diagnosis of vital teeth and should be introduced as a suitable method for this purpose and preferred to the cold and electric pulp tests for more evaluation to diagnose pulp vitality.
Background and Aim: Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and dentigerous cyst (DC) are two common developmental cysts involving the jaws. The role of matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP2) and 19 (MMP19) in progression and invasion of some cysts and tumors has been documented. This study sought to assess the expression of MMP2 and MMP19 in OKCs and DCs. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive analytical study, 58 paraffin blocks including 20 DCs, 20 OKCs and 18 dental follicles (DF) were chosen from the archives of the Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed to detect the expression of MMP2 and MMP19 using the EnVision technique. Data were analyzed using the Chi square, Fisher's exact, Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney and Spearman's correlation tests. Results: Both markers were expressed in OKCs and DCs. Expression of MMP19 was higher in OKCs compared to DCs and DFs. Significant differences existed among the groups in the intensity of staining of the epithelium (P<0.05) and the connective tissue (P<0.001) for MMP19. Expression of MMP2 in DCs was higher than in OKCs and DFs. Significant differences existed among the groups in the intensity and percentage of staining of the epithelium (P<0.001) and the connective tissue (P<0.05) for MMP2. Conclusion: Our findings indicated the potential role of MMP19 in the invasive behavior of OKC. Greater expression of MMP2 in DCs may indicate its role in multi-dimensional growth of this cyst. Nevertheless, further studies are required to make an evidence-based decision.
Background and Aim: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the salivary glands with complex histopathologic features and clinical behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic significance of p63, Maspin and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression in MEC. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of p63, Maspin and MMP-2 in 35 cases of MEC. In addition, to detect the presence of myoepithelial differentiation, smooth muscle actin (SMA) staining was performed. Data were analyzed using non-parametric tests. Results: P63 expression, intensity of staining for p63 and MMP-2 total score showed significant correlations with histologic grade (P=0.008, P=0.035 and P=0.003, respectively). The association between p63 expression and MMP-2 total score was significant (P=0.033). P63 positive cases did not express SMA. Conclusion: Findings suggest that p63 and MMP-2 may be useful prognostic indicators in MEC. MEC is devoid of myoepithelial cells.
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