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Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) includes a wide range of pathophysiological processes which will be observed along with abnormal function of kidneys and progressive decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). According to the definition decreasing GFR must have been present for at least three months. CKD will eventually result in end-stage kidney disease. In this process different factors play role and finding the relations between effective parameters in this regard can help to prevent or slow progression of this disease. There are always a lot of data being collected from the patients’ medical records. This huge array of data can be considered a valuable source for analyzing, exploring and discovering information. Objectives: Using the data mining techniques, the present study tries to specify the effective parameters and also aims to determine their relations with each other in Iranian patients with CKD. Material and Methods: The study population includes 31996 patients with CKD. First, all of the data is registered in the database. Then data mining tools were used to find the hidden rules and relationships between parameters in collected data. Results: After data cleaning based on CRISP-DM (Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining) methodology and running mining algorithms on the data in the database the relationships between the effective parameters was specified. Conclusion: This study was done using the data mining method pertaining to the effective factors on patients with CKD.

Introduction: Methotrexate (MTX) is the most generally administered antimetabolite in pediatric cancers. Renal excretion is the major route of elimination of MTX. However, renal toxicity and delayed MTX elimination is a particular concern and direct serum MTX concentration is a gold standard for renal toxicity monitoring. However, checking plasma MTX concentrations in most oncology institutions is not always possible especially in less developed countries. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to further assess the renal function after administration of high-dose MTX by parameters such as serum creatinine and Cr clearance rate. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive analytic study. The study was conducted on children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and osteosarcoma receiving high doses MTX. Patients’ age was ranged from 5 to 16 years. Serum MTX concentration and serum Cr were measured at 24, 48 and 96 hours after receiving MTX and then Cr clearance calculated based on available formulas. All the statistical analyses were done by SPSS 20.0 statistical software Results: This study was performed on 4 patients with osteosarcoma, 3 patients with leukemia and one patient with lymphoma. MTX concentration reduced significantly during 96 hours (P<0.001). A significant correlation between Cr clearance at 48 hours and the average of serum MTX concentration (P=0.001) were observed. Furthermore there were significant correlations between Cr at 24 hours (P=0.003), 48 hours (P=0.009) and 96 hours (P=0.044), with the average of serum MTX concentration. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that serum Cr and Cr clearance can be used to estimate the average of serum MTX concentrations.

Background:The association between the function of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and different components of calcium metabolism has remained unclear in patients with renal dysfunction undergoing hemodialysis. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the association of the level of FGF23 and calcium metabolism status in hemodialysis patients. Patients and Methods:This cross-sectional study conducted on 90 consecutive patients suffering end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who underwent hemodialysis. The serum levels of FGF23 and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels were measured using the ELISA technique.Results: The serum levels of FGF23 were directly associated with iPTH level (r = 0.251, P = 0.020) and slightly with the duration of dialysis (r = 0.203, P = 0.063). However serum FGF23 was not significantly related to other indices including levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, albumin, and even body mass index (BMI). No difference was found in the level of FGF23 between men and women with ESRD under hemodialysis. Conclusions: In ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis, the association of FGF23 with iPTH was detected, while there was not any relationship of FGF23 with other indices including calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D.

Introduction: Introduction: The close link between leptin and kidney function is now concerned that a significant increase in the level of bioactive form of leptin in progressive kidney injuries has been recently revealed. Objectives: This study assessed the levels of leptin and its main determinants among endstage renal disease (ESRD) patients on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 78 patients suffering from ESRD that were planned for hemodialysis (68 patients) or peritoneal dialysis (10 patients) three times a week. The baseline characteristics including demographics, medical history, and medications were collected. The level of laboratory parameters including fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, and parathormone were determined using the special kits. Results: The mean level of leptin was lower than 7.8 ng/mL in 35.9% of patients Serum leptin of 8.7 to 13.1 ng/mL in 7.7% of cases and higher than 13.1 ng/mL in 56.4% of patients was detected. A direct association of plasma leptin with body weight, body mass index (BMI), and serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL and uric acid was seen. Serum levels of leptin were adversely associated with the duration of dialysis. In other patients who underwent peritoneal dialysis, the serum levels of leptin were significantly related to leptin with body weight and BMI while adversely with the duration of dialysis. Regarding association of inflammatory markers, this hormone was adversely associated with levels of β2 microglobulin in the hemodialysis group but not in the peritoneal dialysis group. The level of leptin was not associated with the concentrations of IL6 and IFN-γ in both dialysis groups. Conclusion: In ESRD patients undergoing dialysis, the serum level of leptin is associated with lipid metabolism and BMI. These associations are expected more in the hemodialysis group than in the peritoneal dialysis group.