There exists a huge difference in sustainability reporting adoption & implementation within and between countries which affect achievement of desired results at global level for environmental protection and social development. This study summarises and analyses 133 studies of sustainability reporting published between year 2004 and 2022 in web of sciences (WoS) database through Bibliometric Analysis and also used Theory, Context, Characteristic Methodology framework to represent the state of research in this field for the first time. The study is divided in two sections (1) develop an understanding on sustainability reporting trends and thematic evolution, and (2) discussion on challenges of sustainability reporting adoption and implementation. The present study consolidates the state of research on sustainability reporting. The study finds a thematic shift since 2017 onwards and a significant increase in publications since 2018. It identifies four major thematic clusters namely, sustainability reporting, board gender diversity, content analysis, and ESG disclosure which reveals that ESG reporting, ESG disclosures, and sustainability stakeholder impact assessment has high potential for future research. It also contributes by identifying most prominent theories in the field viz stakeholder, legitimacy and institutional theory and preferred methodology as qualitative research. It finds emerging themes as Sustainability Reporting Quality, ESG disclosure, cross‐country evaluation and also highlights most relevant keywords and trends in the research field. Study recognises lack of common definition and conceptual understanding, standards measurement metrics and cross‐country evaluations as major challenges which stands as big problem at policy formation and implementation stage.
Nevus Lipomatosus Cutaneous Superficialis (NLCS) is an idiopathic, rare skin hamartoma. It occurs due to ectopic deposition of adipocytes in dermis. There are two main clinical forms of NLCS- classic and solitary. Both have different clinical presentations but histologically they show similar morphology characterised by bundles of mature adipocytes in the superficial and deep dermis separated by bundles of collagen. The hallmark of this lesion is absence of connection between subcutaneous fat and adipocyte clusters in dermis.Though NLCS is benign developmental disorder and remains static for a long time, it can be cosmetically unpleasant if grows to a large size. Herein, authors report a case of a 21-year-old male with a solitary painless pedunculated lump in right thigh for 10 years that clinically presented as giant lipoma due to its soft consistency, cut surface of the mass was yellow and fibrofatty. There was no connection of these adipocytes seen with the subcutaneous fat. Focal collections of adipocytes were also seen around the blood vessels. Sparse perivascular mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate also noted. Final diagnosis of NLCS was made.
The application of concepts in a real-life situation is the fundamental requirement for experiential learning. The case provokes simple learning through a real-world learning activity and allow students to apply their knowledge of various cost concepts while taking decisions. The case is designed in such a way so that high level student engagement can be obtained from the initial stage of the course and can be used at an undergraduate or graduate level without calling for strong accounting background. The case could be used for classroom discussion or for individual or group assignment as well. The case contests students to think outside the business environment and apply cost concepts in a daily life for a small service company. Students' responses indicates that the case was comprehensively designed to cover all the relevant concepts of Cost Classification and Decision Making and helped them to learn their practical daily life usage.
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare soft tissue tumour, accounting for 3% of all childhood cancers. RMS can arise virtually anywhere in the body as it originates in embryonal mesenchyme. Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) and Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) are the most prevalent subtypes of RMS but arise through diverse biological mechanisms. RMS generally presents as an expanding mass that tends to be very painful and causes symptoms related to the compression of structures present nearby. Metastases of such tumours are common and can occur in bone, lungs and other organs leading to pain, difficulty with respiration, pleural effusion, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. In this article, two unusual presentations of ERMS have been reported. First case is of a 28-year-old adult male who presented in surgical Out Patient Department (OPD) with recurrent episodes of painful acute urinary retention since one year. Another case was of a six-year-old girl presenting with aural fullness and serosanginous discharge from right ear, ear pain and decreased hearing since two years. Since five year survival rate of such tumour is less than 30%, therefore, an awareness of the typical signs and symptoms, radiological features, histomorphological features in a case of paediatric and adult ERMS can help a pathologist to consider this tumour in the differential diagnoses, even at unusual sites.
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