Background: First phase of COVID-19 vaccination was initiated in Nepal in January 2021 tar­geting the frontline health care workers. Vaccine side effects have a significant role in public confidence regarding the vaccine and its uptake. We aimed to determine the acceptability and explore the side effects of first dose of ChAdOx1 nCOV-19 (Covishield) vaccine among the health care workers of Chitwan Medical College. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among the health care workers at Chitwan Medi­cal College. Total enumeration sampling technique was used and a self-constructed questionnaire was circulated among the health care workers to self-report their socio-demographic information and vaccination experience. Chi square test was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sci­ences version 20 for statistical analysis and p-value<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Out of 589 respondents, 537 (91.2%) had received the first dose of Covishield vaccine among which, 424 (78.9%) reported one or more side effects. Majority of them had very mild systemic side effects (55.9%) and injection site related side effects (25.2%). The side effects were more prevalent in <30 years age group than >30 years age group. Conclusions: Most of the vaccine recipients had very mild side effects which showed that Cov­ishield vaccine has a good safety profile.

Background: Pharmaceuticals play a key role in the prevention and treatment of disease. The worldwide availability of effective, safe and affordable pharmaceuticals is a key challenge for the global public health system. Large economic interests are at stake within the field of pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceutical sales are existed as trade in many part of developing world including Nepal. At the same time, consumers (patients) are at mercy and unable to judge the quality, safety and, in many cases, the efficacy of the medicine, as well as whether the price is reasonable or not. They depend on others for assured quality medicines. Objective of this study was to find out the prescription written in generic name, availability of generic medicine in hospital pharmacy and outside pharmacy and cost effectiveness of brand –generic substitution in Manmohan Memorial Hospital Premises, Shyombu Kathmandu.Methods: All relevant information of brand-generic medicines and generic prescribing were recorded from the patient chart stored at medical record department except orthopedic department. In Orthopedic department, OPD prescriptions were recorded. Hospital pharmacy and outside pharmacy have been audited for the availability of generic medicines. Face to face interview with pharmacists in hospital and Drug Retailers were taken regarding the medicine available in generic name and medicine substitution. The recorded data were analyzed.Results: Only 298 out of 5120 medicines were found in generic name mostly from medical department, 215 medicines out of 812 medicines. There was no any single generic prescription in orthopedic department. In the hospital pharmacy and outside pharmacy have very few generic medicines. So no question of brand substitution by generic here. Mostly some large volume parental were available in generic names.Conclusion: Only 5.82 % of medicines were prescribed in generic name. Concerns over the therapeutic equivalence of branded products and generics are common amongst physicians, pharmacists and industries of course.JMMIHS.2018;4(1):33-42

Background: Measuring patients Length of Stay (LOS) in the emergency Department (ED) is one of the assessments of quality indicators in terms of clinical, managerial and public satisfaction pro­spective. Waiting time standard is defined and its impact is analyzed in many hospitals especially in developed countries. Policy of emergency operations to reduce length of stay helps to manage overcrowding, spares time to treat critical patient and minimize preventable death. The study was done to assess length of stay and disposal of patients visiting emergency department in Chitwan Medical College. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted from 01/10/2018 to 30/09/2019 at Chitwan Medical college, Nepal. Patients electronic records were retrieved from medical record section of all patients visiting to emergency department. Ethical approval was obtained from ethical review committee. Results: Medial Length of Stay (LOS) was 3.84 hours (Interquartile range 0.4 hours to 84 hours) 54.54% discharged, 40.83% admitted from ED. Conclusion: Median Length of Stay (LOS) in the Emergency Department (ED) was 3.84 hours which is satisfactory as compared to similar studies. Majority of patients discharged after treatment from ED.

No abstract

Background: Measuring patients Length of Stay (LOS) in the emergency Department (ED) is one of the assessments of quality indicators in terms of clinical, managerial and public satisfaction pro­spective. Waiting time standard is defined and its impact is analyzed in many hospitals especially in developed countries. Policy of emergency operations to reduce length of stay helps to manage overcrowding, spares time to treat critical patient and minimize preventable death. The study was done to assess length of stay and disposal of patients visiting emergency department in Chitwan Medical College. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted from 01/10/2018 to 30/09/2019 at Chitwan Medical college, Nepal. Patients electronic records were retrieved from medical record section of all patients visiting to emergency department. Ethical approval was obtained from ethical review committee. Results: Medial Length of Stay (LOS) was 3.84 hours (Interquartile range 0.4 hours to 84 hours) 54.54% discharged, 40.83% admitted from ED. Conclusion: Median Length of Stay (LOS) in the Emergency Department (ED) was 3.84 hours which is satisfactory as compared to similar studies. Majority of patients discharged after treatment from ED.