Foot ulcers, infections, and deformity are some of the major sources of mortality and morbidity among the diabetic population. The relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) has been well established. There is a dearth of literature on the relationship between vibration perception threshold (VPT) and HbA1c values. So, the objective of the study was to determine the strength of linear relationship between HbA1c levels and vibration perception threshold in DPN. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, and diabetic foot screening camps held at various parts of Udupi district. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee, Kasturba Hospital, Manipal (IEC:281/2017). A total of 534 participants ranging from 30 to 70 years of age and were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus on medications were included in the study. Neuropathy assessment consisting of monofilament and vibration perception threshold was done using Neurotouch beta version (Yostra Labs, Bengaluru, India). HbA1c measurement was done using turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay technique (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). Pearson correlation coefficient showed a moderate to good correlation between HbA1c and VPT ( r = .0.753, P < .001). Linear regression result has shown a significant relationship of VPT with HbA1c (4.033 [95% confidence interval = 3.67-4.39]). The present study has concluded that there is strong relationship between HbA1c values and VPT and could be a predictor for complications in the foot following DPN.

Objective: The study focused to systematically extract, summarize and analyse the data on the effect of lifestyle modification on leptin resistance and quality of life in metabolic syndrome. Methods: The systematic search was done using PubMed, Cochrane Database, EMBASE, Science Direct, CINAHL, Springer link, Web of Science from 2000-2018. English language articles, quantitative studies focusing on leptin resistance and quality of life were included. Random effect analysis was adopted to pool data and estimate 95% CI. The meta-analysis was done separately for leptin resistance and quality of life which included a total of 9 studies both RCTs and Non-RCTs. Results: The meta-analysis of RCTs reported insignificant effect of lifestyle modification on leptin resistance in metabolic syndrome when compared to comparison group [-5.94[-14.28, 2.41]. Two clinical trials showed a significant effect with pooled data [5.52[2.14, 8.91]. Meta-analysis of RCTs focusing on quality of life showed significant effect on mental component [4.89 [0.16, 9.62] of quality of life [2.36 [-3.67, 8.39] when compared to comparison group. Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggested that lifestyle modification has potential to improve leptin resistance and mental component of quality of life in metabolic syndrome. However, more clearly defined studies are needed to come to a firmer conclusion.

Background: Sedentary behaviour and physical inactivity along with body mass are identified as critical determinants of vascular health along with body mass in young adults. However, the relationship between potential physical health and anthropometric variables with high blood Eid pressure remain unexplored in young adults from the United Arab Emirates region. Methodology: We administered a cross-sectional study in young adults assessing their self-reported physical activity levels, anthropometric variables (body mass index and waist circumference) and ambulatory blood pressure. The associations among potential physical health, anthropometric variables and high blood pressure were analysed through logistic regression after necessary transformation. Results: Of 354 participants (176 males, 178 females), we found 17.79% (n = 63) had higher mean arterial pressure. Males (n = 40; 22.73%) had higher risk of hypertension than females (n = 12.92%). Weekly physical activity levels (β = −0.001; p = 0.002), age (β = −0.168; p = 0.005) and gender (β = −0.709; p = 0.028) were found to be more strongly associated with hypertension risk than the body mass index (β = 0.093; p = 0.075), waist circumference (β = 0.013; p = 0.588) and the weekly sitting time (β = 0.000; p = 0.319) of the individuals. Conclusions: Lower physical activity was associated with hypertension risk compared to other modifiable risk factors such as waist circumference, body mass index and sedentary time in college-going young adults. Public health measures should continue to emphasise optimisation of weekly physical activity levels to mitigate vascular health risks at educational institution levels.

Purpose Metabolic syndrome is a condition with clustering of risk factors like insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Leptin is a protein of obese gene produced by white adipose tissue. Leptin resistance is the insensitivity of leptin in hypothalamus despite high amounts in blood causing obesity and metabolic syndrome. The study focused on the influence of a 12-week physical activity promotion program on leptin resistance in people with metabolic syndrome Methods After approval from institutional ethics committee (IEC 343-2018), 18 participants (males N= 4, females N=14) of age group 45.0±7.6 years with metabolic syndrome according to (NCEP ATP-III) criteria were included in the study. The participants underwent a 12-week physical activity program consisting of 150 min of moderate to vigorous activity per week as per GPAQ domains—work, transport, and recreation. The outcomes were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. Results Out of 18 participants, 10 participants who completed the study were analysed. Twelve-week physical activity showed significant changes in waist circumference (p=0.047), post prandial blood glucose (p=0.0396), triglycerides (p=0.0323), body mass index (p=0.0056), subcutaneous fat (p=0.0354), and basal metabolic rate (p=0.0035). Fasting blood glucose (p=0.254), lipid profiles (total cholesterol (p=0.062)), high-density lipoprotein (p=0.367), low-density lipoprotein (p=0.641), and leptin showed insignificant change (p=0.328). Global physical activity questionnaire showed significant change (p=0.0254) suggesting changes in physical activity behaviors. Conclusion From present study, it is concluded that a 12-week physical activity promotion program brought marginal changes in leptin levels and has potential to modify metabolic syndrome parameters and improve physical activity.

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