In 1994 the regulatory framework of water services in Italy was radically modified, by transforming a traditional
ublicly operated system, which relied heavily for investments on fiscal budgets, into a system made up of self-
ustaining corporate enterprises regulated at arm’s length. After 19 years, the time has come to make an assessment
f what has been achieved. This paper develops an original methodology, inspired by the concept of water sustain-
bility, which tries to integrate economic, environmental and financial aspects within a unique framework. Our
nalysis discloses both allocative as well as distributive impacts of the reform, showing that it has been possible
o generate some value for money while shifting the economic burden from taxpayers to service customers. How-
ver, improvements have been too slight and many signs are showing that it will be rather problematic to speed them up without undertaking a substantial restyling
This work aims at describing the trends observed since the beginning of the crisis in the supply of and demand for volunteers. Few works exist that examine this dynamic, for the lack of recent data, and because the study of the demand for volunteers and for volunteers services is still rather undeveloped. Some hints appear that indicate: 1) an increase in the stock of volunteers, but not in every country, 2) an increase in demand for volunteers services.
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