RESUMEN:A casi diez años de la implementación del exitoso programa público de promoción de la salud bucal para preescolares en Chile, se presenta el estudio previo que recogió la visión y significados para los padres acerca de temas de salud oral de sus hijos preescolares en un Chile urbano y rural de siete comunas distintas. Bien sabemos que la alta prevalencia de la caries dental en Chile y sus consecuencias a lo largo del ciclo vital, ha relevado la Promoción de Salud como una estrategia necesaria para la situación sanitaria de hace una década y para la actual a través de la implementación de programas con enfoque preventivo, como lo es el programa Sembrando Sonrisas, cuyo componente educativo se centra en los/as cuidadores de preescolares. En esta línea, cabe destacar que el Modelo de Creencias en Salud (MCS) actúa como un predictor para las prácticas en salud que desarrollan los/as cuidadores respecto a sus hijos, las cuales pueden ser activadas y/o modificadas por estrategias educativas o consejería otorgada por profesionales de la salud. Este estudio buscó explorar, mediante metodología cualitativa, los sistemas de creencias en torno a las necesidades en salud oral percibidas por padres y cuidadores/as de niños/ as preescolares que participaron del pilotaje del Programa preventivo de salud bucal en población preescolar el año 2007. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian elementos que pudieron condicionar la conducta en torno a los cuidados de la salud oral de las/ os cuidadores hacia los preescolares. Entre los hallazgos, se encuentra que los padres y apoderados atribuían los cuidados en salud oral a terceras personas (odontólogos y educadoras de párvulos), al tiempo que relatan una falta de información en términos comprensibles para que ellos puedan replicar prácticas adecuadas en sus hijos. Por otro lado, la postergación de la visita al odontólogo se explica debido a malas experiencias previas y falta de acceso a servicios de atención odontológica. Sin embargo, la salud dental es relevada desde un punto de vista estético y como un elemento importante en la superación de estigmas sociales.PALABRAS CLAVE: promoción en salud oral, conductas en salud, salud oral.
OBJECTIVES To explore the perceptions of residents regarding their health and well-being in areas of personal and collective life, in relation to the experience of urban transformation originated by the Program for the Recovery of Neighborhoods in Chile “Quiero mi Barrio” (PQMB). METHODS Qualitative study conducted in eight neighborhoods, which were subject to interventions between 2012–2015, located in seven communes of Chile: Arica, Renca, Padre Las Casas, Villarrica, Castro, Ancud. Eighteen focus groups and 27 interviews were conducted between 2018 and 2019. A content analysis was carried out following the social determinants of health approach. RESULTS Material conditions of neighborhood infrastructure and psychosocial determinants were the main emerging and predominant categories in the residents’ narratives. The new or improved infrastructure enhances sports and playing practices, as well as contributes to the feeling of safety and to the improvement of walkable spaces, support networks, socialization and dynamization of social organization. However, neglected aspects were visualized. The program had limitations of structural character that operate locally, such as aging, individual lifestyles that limit participation, and contexts of insecurity, especially in neighborhoods victims of drug trafficking. CONCLUSIONS The urban changes originated by the PQMB included improvements in neighborhood infrastructure and in the psychosocial environment, which are perceived by residents as beneficial aspects and promoters of collective wellbeing. However, global phenomena, and those related to the program, limit its scope and have repercussions on the perception of overall wellbeing of the residents in the neighborhoods. To go deeper into how this or other state neighborhood programs may or may not favor equitable access of different social groups, or which works may be better used by the groups, is an aspect that enhances the integral action with other sectors and local actors in the territories.
Background The health of a population is determined by urban factors such as the physical, social and safety environment, which can be modified by urban regeneration policies. The aim of this study was to analyze the associations of elements of the social, physical and safety environment of the neighborhood in the urban context with self-perceived health (SPH), according to axes of inequality, such as gender and educational level in Chile in 2016. Methods Cross-sectional study using a nationally representative population-based survey of Chile. We used data from the 2016 National Survey of Quality of Life and Health. Poor SPH in the urban population older than 25 years was analyzed in relation to social, physical and safety environment variables. Poisson multilevel regression models were estimated to obtain prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). All analyses were stratified by sex and educational level. Results SPH was worse in women than in men, especially in those with a lower education level. Poor SPH was associated with lack of support networks (PR = 1.4; 95%CI = 1.1–1.7), non-participation in social organizations (PR = 1.3; 95%CI = 1.1–1.6) and perceived problems with the quality of public space (PR = 1.3; 95%CI = 1.2–1.5) in women with a medium-high educational level and with a feeling of not belonging to the neighborhood (PR = 1.5; 95%CI = 1.2–1.8) and the perception of pollution problems (PR = 1.2; 95%CI = 1.0-1.4) in women with a low educational level. A feeling of unsafety was associated with both educational levels (PR = 1.3; 95%CI = 1.0-1.5). Poor SPH was associated with the feeling of not belonging (PR = 1.7; 95%CI = 1.2–2.5), and unsafety (PR = 2.1; 95%CI = 1.8–2.4) in men with a medium-high educational level, while there were fewer associations in men with a lower education level. Conclusions Urban interventions are recommended to improve the health of the resident population and should take into account axes of inequality.
This research seeks to present Community Lay Advisor interventions as a health promoting strategy that have appeared in the international literature, in order to highlight these enabling elements in the intervention's implementation and establish a comparison among the aspects addressed in the analyzed experiences and the "Schoolbased Oral Health Promoters Program" at the Universidad de La Frontera in Temuco, Chile. A comprehensive scoping review was held between February and March 2018, with searches performed in both the academic and grey literature. Peer-reviewed scientific papers were found using the interdisciplinary database Scopus (including MEDLINE) and EBSCOhost, while grey literature and media sources were extracted from the Google and Google Scholar search engines, supplemented with a visit to the EPES foundation in Chile and an analysis of the reference lists for the selected articles. 369 articles were identified, of which 23 met eligibility criteria for this review. Based on the analysis of the experiences, some facilitators were found more pertinent when achieving the goals concerning the intervention's design, implementation and assessment. This paper makes recommendations for the design and execution of peer-led health promotion interventions in order to increase its effectiveness and success rate.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.