Background: Depression and anxiety are frequent during pregnancy, and epidemiological studies demonstrate high rates of co-morbidity. Aims: To evaluate the association between the trait and state anxiety and depressive symptoms in women during the perinatal period. Method: A transversal study was conducted at the National Institute of Perinatology (INPer, Mexico City) from 2012 and 2015. Pregnant women diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) were included (N=128). Depressive and anxiety symptoms were evaluated using CES-D and STAI, respectively. Patients were sub-classified according to percentile 75 for Low and High Trait Anxiety (LTA, HTA) and Low and High State Anxiety (LSA, HSA); depressive symptoms were compared between pregnant women and women in the postpartum, by state and trait levels. Results: CES-D scores differed according to state and trait anxiety levels: while we observed that depressive scores (CES-D) were higher in HTA patients compared to LTA prenatally (35.9±9,5 vs 21.2±10,8 respectively; p =0.001), this finding was not observed in the postpartum period. In the case of state anxiety depressive scores were elevated among HSA versus LSA groups before delivery (33.0±11.3 vs 14.0±6.7 respectively; p=0.008) and after partum (35.1±8.06 vs 10.0±6.0; p =0.005). Conclusions: Patients showed higher scores of depressive symptoms when high trait or state anxiety comorbidity is present during the perinatal period. In the postpartum period, even low trait anxiety scores were associated with high depressive scores.
La epilepsia es la enfermedad neurológica más frecuente durante el embarazo. Los fármacos antiepilépticos (FAE) de primera generación implican un efecto teratogénico directo y mayor probabilidad de complicaciones madre-hijo. Durante las últimas tres décadas, las modificaciones epidemiológicas en la presentación de la epilepsia han condicionado los cambios en los tratamientos farmacológicos preferidos. Estos cambios afectan a los resultados perinatales en mujeres embarazadas con esta condición; sin embargo, no hay estudios comparativos de esta naturaleza. Objetivos: Comparar las preferencias del FAE y el resultado perinatal durante las últimas décadas en la población mexicana. Métodos: Mujeres epilépticas embarazadas (n = 275) y sus hijos recibieron valoración y seguimiento clínico de médicos especialistas (obstetras, neurólogos, genetistas), y se compararon con un estudio de 100 mujeres epilépticas embarazadas y sus hijos estudiados en 1996. Todos los pacientes fueron estudiados en el Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer) (Ciudad de México). Resultados: La administración de monoterapia incrementó del 61 al 73% y la frecuencia de uso de ácido valpróico (AVP) aumentó del 8 al 45%. Las malformaciones fueron más frecuentes en el estudio actual, aumentando las dismorfias menores del 8 al 15% y las dismorfias mayores del 0 al 4%. Conclusiones: La tendencia del uso de AVP en mujeres mexicanas debe ser explorada como posibles variables involucradas en el resultado perinatal. Deben considerarse tratamientos alternativos con tasas teratogénicas más bajas para las mujeres fértiles.
Introduction:The inability to identify, express feelings, and not distinguish between emotions and bodily sensations, is known as alexithymia. In 1988, it developed The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), consists of 20 items and three factors: a) difficulty of identifying feelings and differences between feelings and bodily sensations; b) difficulty of describing feelings; and c) externally oriented thinking. It's considered that people with eating disorders have specific deficits in identify and communicate their feelings. Objective: The present study has as purpose to the instrument validation. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study and psychometric character design of a single sample, formed of 435 persons suffering eating disorder (ED), with an age range of 12-68 years, of which 91% were women and 9% were men. To obtain the reliability of the instrument, applies internal consistency test, which resulted in an alpha of 0.89, then applied a factor analysis of principals components with oblimin rotation. Results: According to statistical analysis, were eliminated six items, so the scale finished with 14 items, and to analyze it observed that these items correspond with the two main factors of the original scale. The ED patients present alexithymia. Discussion: The scale satisfies the criteria of validity necessary for use in this population.
The scale satisfies the criteria of validity necessary for use in this population.
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