Optimized epidural analgesia or intravenous PCA, starting 48 h preoperatively and continuing for 48 h postoperatively, decreases PLP at 6 months.

Identifying risk factors for UE and minimizing UE incidence through appropriate preventive strategies are prerequisites for improving nursing care quality and patient safety in the ICU.

Purpose: To investigate differences in mortality of intensive care unit (ICU)

The findings support the association between delusional memories and PTSD-related symptoms, but further research is needed to confirm their association with other psychological disorders. Development of a safety sense in the ICU can protect patients against the emotional impact of both delusional and stressful factual ICU memories. Appropriate follow-up of high-risk patients could improve their long-term psychological recovery.

These findings highlight the role of senior staff in the establishment of a supportive, trustful ward climate, so that nurses can learn from errors, prevent their recurrence and improve patient safety.