Optimized Perioperative Analgesia Reduces Chronic Phantom Limb Pain Intensity, Prevalence, and Frequency

Καρανικόλας, Μενέλαος; Αρέθα, Διαμάντω; Tsolakis, Ioannis A.; Monantera, G.; Kiekkas, Panagiotis; Papadoulas, Spyros; Swarm, Robert A.; Filos, Kriton S.

doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e31820fc7d2

Cited by 178 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…There are numerous risk factors that are implicated in the development of chronic pain after an acute injury which includes high pain and psychosocial factors (40). In fact, better pain management in the acute postoperative (acute pain) period dramatically reduced the incidence of phantom limb pain (chronic pain) following amputation (7% vs. 75% in controls) (29). One effective treatment common for nearly all types of chronic pain, including those with musculoskeletal pain, is regular exercise (1,2,7,11,16,20,47,62).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regular physical activity prevents development of chronic pain and activation of central neurons

Sluka

O’Donnell

Danielson

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physiology

163

168

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regular physical activity prevents development of chronic pain and activation of central neurons

Sluka

O’Donnell

Danielson

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physiology

163

168

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“…One of the pre-emptive techniques involves providing a continuous nerve blockade in the perioperative and postoperative period in an attempt to prevent the occurrence of PLP. There is conflicting evidence on the use of continuous epidural anesthesia in the prevention of PLP with some studies showing a lower incidence of PLP and others showing no difference in the incidence, although it does appear that perioperative pain control, in general, is important in attempting to prevent the development of PLP [24][25][26]. The literature on continuous perioperative and postoperative peripheral nerve block is similar to epidural anesthesia again with conflicting results in multiple small studies [24,25,27].…”

Section: Interventional Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Advances in the Treatment of Phantom Limb Pain

Hommer

McCallin

Goff

2014

Curr Phys Med Rehabil Rep

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Phantom limb pain (PLP) continues to place a significant emotional and physical burden on amputees and remains a challenge for those treating amputees. Despite advances in psychological, pharmacologic, and interventional therapies, treatment modalities and research results show promise, but there is no evidence to highly recommend any particular treatment. This review concludes that the best treatment approach is a measured and diligent trial of multiple modes of treatment. As researchers forge forward toward definitively establishing etiologies, focused treatment options may become available. Until then, PLP is an area that calls for intense research and which will continue to challenge the clinician caring for the amputee population.

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“…This is confirmed in the literature. [10,15,23,31,32] Patients in this sample practiced mirror therapy every day for 4 weeks at home or hospital with a mirror that was given to them. The therapy gave them the ability to control their phantom pain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4,[6][7][8][9] Individual physiological, environmental, and psychological factors are involved in the etiology of PLP. [4,[10][11][12][13][14][15] Pathophysiology of PLP is not clearly known yet. However, it is speculated that central and peripheral nerve systems play an important role in the occurrence of PLP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Mirror Therapy on the Management of Phantom Limb Pain

Yildirim

Kanan

2016

Agri

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SummaryObjectives: In the last two decades, mirror therapy has become a frequently used method of managing phantom limb pain (PLP). However, the role of nurses in mirror therapy has not yet been well defined. This study examined the effect of mirror therapy on the management of PLP, and discusses the importance of mirror therapy in the nursing care of amputee patients. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in the pain management department of a university hospital and a prosthesis clinic in İstanbul, Turkey, with 15 amputee patients who had PLP. Forty minutes of practical mirror therapy training was given to the patients and they were asked to practice at home for 4 weeks. Patients were asked to record the severity of their PLP before and after the therapy each day using 0-10 Numeric Pain Intensity Scale. Results: Mirror therapy practiced for 4 weeks provided a significant decrease in severity of PLP. There was no significant relationship between the effect of mirror therapy and demographic, amputation or PLP-related characteristics. Patients who were not using prosthesis had greater benefit from mirror therapy. Conclusion: Mirror therapy can be used as an adjunct to medical and surgical treatment of PLP. It is a method that patients can practice independently, enhancing self-control over phantom pain. As mirror therapy is a safe, economical, and easy-to-use treatment method, it should be considered in the nursing care plan for patients with PLP.

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Optimized Perioperative Analgesia Reduces Chronic Phantom Limb Pain Intensity, Prevalence, and Frequency

Abstract: Optimized epidural analgesia or intravenous PCA, starting 48 h preoperatively and continuing for 48 h postoperatively, decreases PLP at 6 months.

Cited by 178 publications

References 36 publications

Regular physical activity prevents development of chronic pain and activation of central neurons

Regular physical activity prevents development of chronic pain and activation of central neurons

Advances in the Treatment of Phantom Limb Pain

The Effect of Mirror Therapy on the Management of Phantom Limb Pain

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