Carotenoids have a low solubility in water, and therefore their incorporation in foods is impaired. The nanoemulsions are able to protect these compounds and enhance bioavailability. The objective of this study was to develop nanoemulsions with added beta-carotene, evaluating the influence of process variables and the stability at a long storage period. To assess the effects of these variables a Box-Behnken design was performed. The best condition to form a stable emulsion was 7% (w.w -1 ) of surfactant and 40 °C. All formulations subjected to a thermal stress test remained stable after the test. The use of a higher concentration of soy lecithin (7%, w.w -1 ) in the development of emulsions conferred greater stability after a freeze-defrost cycle. Furthermore, with this concentration of surfactant, and using a high-speed homogenizer under conditions of 10,000 rpm, 30 °C, and 20 min of shaking time, it was possible to develop stable nanoemulsion with an average diameter of 429 nm. Moreover, the zeta potential indicated system stability. Thus, it was possible to obtain stable nanoemulsion without the use of subsequent equipment, which makes the process less expensive.Practical Application: Beta-carotene nanoemulsions developed indicated system stability even after prolonged storage.
Resumo: O uso de bioativos provenientes de fontes naturais requer a extração e purificação destes compostos para aplicação em aditivos e ingredientes alimentares, farmacêuticos e cosméticos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo validar a quantificação de compostos fenólicos a partir da microalga Spirulina sp. LEB-18. A validação da metodologia seguiu o Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial (INMETRO) e International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH), sendo avaliados os parâmetros de especificidade, linearidade, robustez, limite de detecção, limite de quantificação, precisão e exatidão. O método apresentou coeficiente de correlação de 0,9978, confirmando a linearidade do método. Nas análises de precisão intermediária para amostras desengorduradas não houve diferença significativa (p < 0, 05) entre analistas e o desvio padrão relativo não ultrapassou de 2%, assim como na análise de reprodutividade de amostras in natura integral e desengordurada. Na análise de exatidão observou-se boa recuperação, dentro da faixa de 80 a 120%. A validação da metodologia analítica demonstrou-se apropriada para determinar a concentração de compostos fenólicos em extratos de Spirulina sp. LEB-18.Palavras-chave: compostos fenólicos; linearidade; microalga; validação analítica.Abstract: The use of bioactive compounds in the preparation of food additives and ingredients as well as pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, requires the extraction and purification of these compounds from natural sources. This study aimed to validate the quantification of phenolic compounds in Spirulina sp. LEB-18 samples. The validation of the methodology followed INMETRO and ICH, and evaluated the specific parameters, linearity, ruggedness, detection limit, quantification limit, precision and accuracy. The method presented correlation coefficient of 0.9978, confirming the linearity of the method. In the intermediate precision analysis to degreased samples there was no significant difference (p < 0, 05) between analysts and the relative standard deviation did not exceed 2%, as well as the reproducibility of analysis of samples in natura full and degreased. For accurate analysis good recovery was
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