Considering the scarce information on nutrient extraction by plants for seed production within vegetable crops, as well as the effect of fertilization over extraction, studying nutrient accumulation in different plant parts under varied fertilization rates is necessary. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of phosphate rates on macronutrient accumulation in cauliflower plants during seed production. Five phosphate rates were studied (0, 300, 600, 900 and 1200 kg/ha P 2 O 5 ), in a randomized complete block design, with four replications. Accumulation of nutrients in the different plant parts was evaluated at the end of the cycle (vegetative and reproductive, the latter divided in seeds and inflorescence). Data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression. Considering only the seeds, a quadratic effect was obtained for the accumulation of all macronutrients, with maximum estimated for rates between 858 and 952 kg/ha P 2 O 5 . Considering the whole plant (total accumulation), a linear increase for P, Ca and S was obtained the higher the P 2 O 5 rates, while the effect was quadratic for N, K and Mg accumulation. The total nutrient accumulation descending order was: K>N>Ca>S>P>Mg, and considering only the seeds was: N>S>K>P>Ca>Mg, S being highlighted as the second most accumulated nutrient in the seeds.

No abstract

Due to the scarcity of information related to the effect of fertilizers on production and quality of vegetable seeds, mainly on species which present an increase in the cycle

The aim of this research was to evaluate plant vibration for fruit and seed production of american pepper in greenhouse with open and closed sides. The experiment was carried out at Fazenda Experimental da Unesp

Resumo -A poda apical estimula a emissão de brotos laterais, com isso pode haver maior formação de flores e frutos e, consequentemente, maior número de sementes. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da poda da haste principal para a produção de frutos e sementes de abóbora. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de plantas sem poda, com poda no sexto, oitavo e décimo nó da haste principal. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com seis repetições. Foi utilizada a linhagem de abóbora do tipo braquítica do Banco de Germoplasma da Universidade Estadual Paulista/Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características: número de ramos por planta, posição dos frutos nos ramos da planta, produção (número e massa) de frutos por planta; produtividade; massa, comprimento e diâmetro do pescoço e bojo do fruto; massa e número de sementes por fruto; produtividade de sementes e qualidade das sementes (teste de germinação; primeira contagem de germinação; massa de mil sementes; emergência; índice de velocidade de emergência e envelhecimento acelerado). Houve diferença significativa apenas para número de ramos secundários por planta e massa de mil sementes, com maiores valores para as plantas que não foram podadas. Foram obtidas elevada média de germinação (94%) e alta produtividade de frutos (16,9 t ha -1 ) e sementes (148 kg ha -1 ). Conclui-se que a poda apical não influencia a produção de frutos e sementes de abóbora, bem como a qualidade fisiológica das sementes.Palavras-chave -Cucurbita moschata. Dominância apical. Germinação. Tamanho de semente. Vigor.Abstract -The tip pruning stimulates the emission of lateral shoots, thus can produce higher number of flowers, fruits and seeds. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of apex pruning on fruit and seed production in pumpkin. The treatments consisted of plants without pruning, with pruning in the sixth, eighth and tenth node of main stem. The experimental design was a randomized block, with six replications. It was studied a line of pumpkin of the Germplasm Bank of the Universidade Estadual Paulista/Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas. The characteristics evaluated were: number of branches per plant and fruit position in branches of the plant production (number and weight) of fruits per plant, fruit yield, fruit average weight, fruit length and diameter, seed weight per fruit, seed yield and quality (germination test, first count, thousand seed weight, emergence, speed of emergence and accelerated aging). There was a significant difference only for number of secondary branches per plant and thousand seed weight, with larger values for plants that have not been pruned. It was obtained high average of germination (94%) and good fruit (16.9 t ha -1 ) and seed (148 kg ha -1 ) yield. The apex pruning does not influence the production of fruits and seeds, as well as the physiological seed quality in pumpkin.

RESUMOA otimização do espaço na produção de hortaliças é de suma importância para o agricultor; algumas vezes esse é o limiar do lucro. Novos arranjos de plantas com disposições diferentes buscam maximizar a produção. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a produtividade de ervilha de vagens comestíveis em diferentes densidades de plantio, variando o espaçamento entre covas e o número de plantas por cova. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com oito tratamentos no esquema fatorial 4 x 2 (espaçamentos entre covas de 0,2; 0,3; 0,4 e 0,5 m com 1 ou 2 plantas por cova), representando densidades de 20.000 a 100.000 plantas/ha para o espaçamento de 1,0 m entre linhas, com seis repetições. Foram avaliadas a produtividade total e comercial, a produção de vagens comerciais por planta e o número de vagens comerciais. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste F, sendo as médias referentes ao número de plantas por cova comparadas pelo teste de Tukey e as referentes aos espaçamentos pela análise de regressão. Foi obtida maior produtividade de vagens comerciais (15,53 t/ha com 2 plantas por cova) e menor produção por planta (150 g com 2 plantas por cova), quanto menor o espaçamento (0,2 m). Caso o produtor resolva plantar com um espaçamento maior, aconselha-se o uso de duas plantas por cova. Palavras-chave:Pisum sativum, produtividade, espaçamento. ABSTRACT Plant density in the production of edible pod peaThe optimization of space in vegetable production is very important to the farmer; sometimes this is the threshold of profit. New arrangements of plants with different provisions seek to maximize production. The objective of this research was to evaluate the productivity of edible pea pods in different planting densities, varying the spacing between holes and the number of plants per hole. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with eight treatments in a factorial scheme 4 x 2 (spacing among holes of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 m with 1 or 2 plants per hole), representing densities of 20,000 to 100,000 plants/ha for spacing of 1.0 m between rows, with six replications. We evaluated the total production/ha, the marketable production/ha and per plant, and the number of marketable pods/ha and per plant. The data were submitted to the F test, and the means concerning number of plants per hole were compared by Tukey's test and the spacing between holes by regression analysis. Higher productivity was obtained (15.53 t/ha with 2 plants per hole) and lower production of pods per plant (150 g, with 2 plants per hole), the smaller the spacing (0.2 m). However, if the farmer decides to plant on greater spacing, the density of two plants per hole is recommended.

The purpose of treating seeds chemically is to eradicate their pathogens and/or protect them against soil pathogens, mainly by germination time. However, there is little research on vegetables investigating the effect of this treatment on seed quality. Therefore, this study evaluates the effects of Carboxin + Thiram doses on germination and vigor of three lots of broccoli seeds, as well as on the incidence of fungi in treated seed. The 15 treatments were evaluated in a factorial system (3x5), with the first factor consisting of three lots of 'Avenger' broccoli seeds (lots 82744, 82745 and 82749), and the second factor consisting of five doses (0, 0.04, 0.06, 0.10 and 0.12% of a.i.) of Carboxin + Thiram fungicide (commercial name Vitavax-Thiran). The germination and seed vigor were evaluated, in addition to the presence of pathogens in seeds after treatment (blotter test). All lots showed high levels of germination and vigor. The lot 82749, however, showed higher value in plug test in substrate emergence (99%) than lot 82745 (95%). Regarding the treatment with Carboxin + Thiram, no changes in germination average (98%) and vigor were noticed (average for the first germination count, length, and dry weight of seedling, plug test at 10 days after sowing of 97%, 4.9 cm, 4.0 mg and 96%, respectively), showing that this fungicide, in the evaluated doses, does not affect the quality of broccoli seeds. As to seeds health, the pathogens Alternaria spp. and Fusarium spp. were detected, in addition to saprophytic species such as Penicillium, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, and Rhizopus. The higher incidence of Fusarium spp. was noticed in lot 82744, and the lowest in lot 82749. As to Penicillium spp., lot 82479 was the most contaminated. Regarding other fungi, the general incidence was very low and there was no difference between lots and doses used.

Resumo: Objetivou-se verificar o efeito da vibração de plantas na produção de frutos e sementes e na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de pimenta "Malagueta", em cultivo protegido, com laterais abertas e fechadas. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCA/UNESP), município de São Manuel (SP). Foram dois tratamentos, que consistiram em plantas com e sem vibração. As plantas foram vibradas manualmente, balançando-se o arame onde se prendia a taquara por cerca de 5 segundos, duas vezes por dia, durante 11 semanas. O delineamento foi em blocos, ao acaso, com seis repetições. O mesmo experimento foi realizado em dois ambientes protegidos, com e sem tela antiafídeos nas laterais, cultivados na mesma época. Para comparar os ambientes, realizouse análise conjunta, considerando cada ambiente como um experimento. As características avaliadas foram: massa e número de frutos por planta; massa, diâmetro e comprimento de fruto; massa e número de sementes por fruto; e altura de planta. Para análise de qualidade das sementes, determinou-se: porcentagem de germinação; primeira contagem de germinação; matéria seca de plântula; emergência de plântulas em substrato; e índice de velocidade de emergência de plântulas. Independentemente do ambiente de cultivo, a vibração prejudica a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. A presença de insetos polinizadores beneficia a produção e a qualidade de sementes de pimenta 'Malagueta' e aumenta a massa do fruto.Palavras-chave: Capsicum frutescens. Inseto polinizador. Movimentação de plantas. Polinização. Qualidade fisiológica de sementes. Abstract:This study aimed to verify the effect of vibration of plants in the production of fruits and seeds and in the physiological quality of the seeds of the "Malagueta" pepper in a protected cultivated area with open and closed sides. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the School of Agronomic Sciences of Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCA/UNESP), located in the city of São Manuel (SP). Two treatments were carried out, which consisted of plants that did and did not undergo vibration. Plants were vibrated manually by swinging the wire attached to the supporting bamboo for about 5 seconds, twice a day for 11 weeks. The design was a randomized block with six repetitions. The same experiment was conducted in two protected environments, with and without anti-aphids screens on the sides, cultivated in the same season. For the comparison of environments, a combined analysis was performed considering each environment as a separate experiment. The characteristics evaluated were: weight and number of fruits per plant; weight, diameter and length of fruit; weight and amount of seeds per fruit; and plant height. For the analysis of seed quality, the characteristics evaluated were: germination percentage; first count of germination; dry matter of seedlings; seedling emergence in substrate; and seedling emergence speed index. Regardless of the environment, vibration ...