How to cite this article: Sharma N, Arora P, Nehru B. Prenatal zinc supplementation to lipopolysaccharide infected female rats prevents neurochemical, behavioral and biochemical deficits produced in infants. Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation 2017;4:33-45. Aim:Recent research revealed an association between maternal infection i.e. lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure during pregnancy and increased risk for central nervous system disorders being passed onto the off-spring. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of LPS infection during d14-17 of pregnancy (equivalent to third trimester in humans) on neurochemical, neurobehavioral abnormalities, biochemical as well as histopathological parameters in male/female pups. Also, the effect of zinc supplementation throughout pregnancy to female rats in ameliorating LPS induced neurodegenerative effects caused in pups were evaluated. Methods: Pregnant female rats were administered single dose of LPS (200 µg/kg) intraperitoneal on d14-17 of their pregnancy. Zinc supplementation was given throughout pregnancy (75 mg ZnSO 4 /L) in drinking water. Results: LPS injection to pregnant female rats significantly altered the levels of neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine) in pups. Also, marked deterioration of motor behavior parameters (actophotometer, rotarod) as well as cognitive decline (plus maze and active avoidance) has been observed in male as well as female pups. Whereas, supplementation with zinc limited the alterations in behavioral parameters as well as significantly improved the level of neurotransmitters in prenatally exposed pups of both genders. However, levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide formed as well as antioxidant defense system including reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase were found to be excessively compromised in female pups when compared to male pups. Conclusion: Hence, the study indicated LPS mediated toxicity in prenatally exposed pups is gender specific and zinc supplementation during pregnancy was found to attenuate LPS induced toxicity in pups. Key words:Neuroinflammation, lipopolysaccharide, motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, oxidative stress, cytokines, zinc sulphate ABSTRACTArticle history:
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central oscillator, oscillator response to light pulse, and speed of entrainment to light and mealtime. To evaluate sleep, mice received cranial implants of a modular EEG/EMG electrode grid (Pinnacle Systems). This allowed both rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM phases to be monitored. We were particularly interested in slow wave sleep (i.e., Phase 3 of non-REM), which is essential for clearing misfolded proteins contributing to AD pathogenesis (e.g., amyloid-beta; Ab), suggesting a bidirectional relationship between sleep and AD pathology (Xie et al., 2013; Ju et al., 2014). Results: Sleep and circadian rhythm data collection is ongoing and will be collected at 6, 9, and 12 months of age. Behavioural analysis will be followed by probing the molecular processes underlying the circadian phenotype. Conclusions: The APP/PS1 mouse model of AD may be a useful model for developing interventions to improve sleep and circadian synchrony.Background: Recent research revealed an association between maternal infection i. e LPS exposure during pregnancy and increased risk for CNS disorder in offsprings. The environment insults during pregnancy affects rat brain development and exerts alterations in behavior, metabolism and health of offspring. Especially, maternal infections occurring during the third trimester of pregnancy interfere with the fundamental neurodevelopment events -cell proliferation and migration. Zinc supplementation however, has been shown to prevent endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)]-induced teratogenicity and lipopolysaccharideinduced fetal growth restriction and demise through its anti-inflammatory properties by regulating TNF-a and interleukin (IL)-1b, NMDAR activity. The efficacy of zinc in ameliorating neurodegenerative effects caused in pups of LPS infected mothers has been least explored. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Zinc sulfate on the rat brain development exposed to endotoxemia during third trimester of pregnancy. Gender dependent behavioral, biochemical, histological and neurochemical effects induced by endotoxemia during third trimester of pregnancy were studied in developing rat brains Methods: Pregnant female rats were administered single dose of LPS (200mg/kg b.wt, i.p.) during third trimester of their pregnancy. Zinc supplementation was given through drinking water (75mg ZnSO 4 /liter deionized water) throughout pregnancy. Results: Following LPS injection in pregnant female rats, significantly altered levels of neurotransmitters and associated motor behavior dysfunction as well as cognitive decline have been observed in male as well as female pups. Whereas, supplementation with Zinc limited the alterations in behavioral parameters (Active passive avoidance, plus maze, 8 arm radial maze, actophotometer and rotarod) as well as significantly improved the level of neurotransmitters in prenatally exposed pups of both genders. However, antioxidant defence system was found to be excessively compromised in prenatally exposed female pups when compare to LP...
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