Objectives:To study expression of glyoxalase I in patients of diabetic retinopathy.Methods:This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at Centre for Research in Experimental and Applied Medicine (CREAM), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi in collaboration with Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology (AFIO) from January 2015 to November 2015. Sampling technique was non- probability purposive sampling. Total 60 subjects were enrolled in two groups. Group-I comprised 30 patients of diabetic retinopathy and Group-II of 30 normal healthy controls. Clinical and demographic data was collected and fasting venous blood samples (2 ml) were drawn. RNA was extracted and subjected to cDNA synthesis. Expression analysis for glyoxalase I was carried out and relative quantification done by double delta Ct method.Results:Mean age of the patients was 61.30 ±7.06 years and mean age of controls was 59.60 ± 6.43 years. There were 17 (56.7%) males and 13 (43.3%) females in Group-I while Group-II comprised 14 (46.7%) males and 16 (53.3%) females. There was down regulation of glyoxalase I among patients of diabetic retinopathy in comparison with controls when relative gene expression was calculated.Conclusion:Down regulation of glyoxalase I in patients of diabetic retinopathy suggests it to be a contributory factor in the development of disease.
Objective: To identify the risk factors for developing diabetic retinopathy. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pak Emirates Military Hospital (PEMH), Rawalpindi and Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology (AFIO), Rawalpindi Pakistan,from Jun 2021 to May 2022. Methodology: A total of one hundred and fifty participants aged 25-70 years were included in the study. All participants were divided into three equal groups. Group-I was of age and gender-matched healthy individuals (n=50), Group-II was of people with diabetes without retinopathy (n=50), and Group-III was of diabetic patients having retinopathy (n=50). All the data of the participants were recorded on an especially designed proforma, and 5ml of venous blood was also drawn from the subjects to measure serum lipid levels. Results: Male gender was more common with 33(66%), 30(60%) and 33(66%) in Group-I, Group-II, and Group-III respectively.Most of the retinopathy cases had sedentary lifestyle 33(66%), poor dietary habits 34(68%), cardiovascular disease 38(76%),diabetic foot ulcers 44(88%) and increased levels of TAGS (p-value 0.001). Nephropathy and smoking showed no significant link with dr. Conclusion: It can be concluded that a sedentary lifestyle, poor dietary habits, cardiovascular disease, diabetic foot and increased TAGS may be risk factors for the development of diabetic retinopathy. These findings can help in the early identification and better prognosis of the disease in high-risk individuals.
Background: CK2, a serine/threonine, protein kinase, targets over and above 300 substrates including c-Myc. CK2 expression is elevated in human cancers including breast cancer and prostate cancer. c-Myc protooncogene expression is also up-regulated in these cancers. Objectives: To evaluate the co expression and correlation of CK2 and c-Myc in prostate cancer as compared to their correlation in breast cancer. Study Design: Cross sectional analytical study. Setting: Army Medical College and AFIP, Duration: Two years. Methods: A retrospective study of immunohistochemical analysis, approved by Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Ethical Committee. Paraffin embedded tissues of diagnosed prostate cancer, 30 in number, 30 cases of Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) and 30 cases of breast adenocarcinoma, were included in the study. We stained tissue sections for CK2 and c-Myc and measured staining intensity for each protein expression. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 20. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for correlating the expression of both proteins. P-value was calculated. Results: A strong correlation of CK2 with c-Myc was seen in prostate cancer tissue, in comparison to BPH. There was a very significant correlation present between CK2 and c-Myc, especially in invasive cases of breast cancer. Conclusion: CK2 and c-Myc expressions are highly and significantly correlated in prostate cancer and breast cancer especially in invasive cases. CK2 has influence over c-Myc and both can be used for forecasting the cancer phenotype and aggression of disease.
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