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Cyperaceae is the third‐largest family of monocotyledons and one of the 10 largest families of angiosperms. The family includes two subfamilies and several tribes, one of which, Cypereae, is the aim of the present study. Recent studies recognize the Ficinia clade, composed of six genera (Dracoscirpoides, Erioscirpus, Ficinia, Hellmuthia, Isolepis, Scirpoides), as more closely related to Cyperus (Cypereae) than to Scirpus (Scirpeae), where it was traditionally placed. In this study, phylogenetic analyses of the Ficinia clade have been carried out, based on sequences of two nrDNA loci (ITS, ETS1f) and three plastid loci (trnL intron, rps16, trnH‐psbA) and with special attention to the smaller genera of the clade (i.e., Dracoscirpoides, Erioscirpus, Hellmuthia, Scirpoides). Results revealed a strong geographic pattern within Scirpoides, in which two groups are identified, one including the southern African and the other representing the northern hemisphere species. Dracoscirpoides and Erioscirpus are monophyletic genera while Hellmuthia formed a clade with Ficinia and Isolepis. One species of Scirpoides (S. dioeca) was outside the clade of Scirpoides s.str. in the analyses, and is here transferred to a new monospecific genus endemic to southern Africa: Afroscirpoides.

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A lkaloid extracts from different organs o f Adenocarpus hispanicus ssp. hispanicus and A de nocarpus hispanicus ssp. gredensis were analyzed by capillary GC. Twenty-four com pounds could be identified by the high sensitive method o f GLC-M S: the pyrrolizidine alkaloids decorticasine, N -acetylnorloline and N-butyrylnorloline, the bipiperidyl alkaloid amm odendrine, the phenylethylamine tyramine and 19 quinolizidine alkaloids. In contrast to Adenocar pus com plicatus, Adenocarpus foliolosus and Adenocarpus viscosus the alkaloid pattern o f A de nocarpus hispanicus is characterized by the occurrence o f quinolizidine alkaloids with sparteine predominating in the leaves and numerous dehydroderivatives o f sparteine. Remarkable is the total absence o f adenocarpine which was described as a main com pound o f the three former species. Our results strongly support the opinion that the genus Adenocarpus should be divided into two phytochem ical groups.