Usually, the reflection probability R(E) of a particle of zero energy incident on a potential which converges to zero asymptotically is found to be 1: R(0) = 1. But earlier, a paradoxical phenomenon of zero reflection at zero energy (R(0) = 0) has been revealed as a threshold anomaly. Extending the concept of Half Bound State (HBS) of 3D, here we show that in 1D when a symmetric (asymmetric) attractive potential well possesses a zero-energy HBS, R(0) = 0 (R(0) << 1). This can happen only at some critical values q c of an effective parameter q of the potential well in the limit E → 0 + . We demonstrate this critical phenomenon in two simple analytically solvable models which are square and exponential wells. However, in numerical calculations even for these two models R(0) = 0 is observed only as extrapolation to zero energy from low energies, close to a precise critical value q c . By numerical investigation of a variety of potential wells, we conclude that for a given potential well (symmetric or asymmetric), we can adjust the effective parameter q to have a low reflection at a low energy. * Electronic address: 1:zahmed@barc.gov.in, 2:
Background: In both waves of COVID-19 infections, loss of taste was noted in a disproportionately high number of individuals. However, there is a considerable risk of dental disease during and after COVID -19 infections. Aim: Our aim here is to study the oral manifestation of the COVID -19 infections and make a comparison of the severity of presentation in the second wave with the first wave among the general population in Bhubaneswar, city of Odisha, India. Methods: A detailed online questionnaire was developed focusing on the oral manifestation during both the waves using Google forms. Results: Out of a total of 380 RT PCR positive cases, 91/169 and 167/211 cases with oral manifestation were obtained in the first and second waves, respectively. We found 41 (24.26 %) in the first wave and 63 (29.85 %) in the second wave of patients with oral manifestations over the age of 50. Patients receiving oxygen or using a ventilator were found to be 15 (8.9 %) in the first wave and 59 (28%) in the second wave. Conclusion: This is the first study to evaluate the correlation of oral infection with COVID 19 in different waves. This difference could be correlated with the virulence of viruses with mutated strains.
India and the Indian subcontinent is the most populated geographical area of the world (1.2 billion in India). Also medical needs of this subcontinent are the biggest in form of trained manpower and resources.Human resources for health are all individuals engaged in promotion and protection or improvement of health (WHO 2007).Indian subcontinent specially Indian has the largest number of medical colleges (350 in Indian) and we treat a significant number of medical tourism (second after Thailand), this is a reflection of the high level of medical expertize we posses, yet the paradox is that majority of our citizens have limited access to quality health care.Why such a situation has arisen in India, we try to analyze by relooking at the clinical settings where doctors avail training.This review aims to look at the challenges of medical education and role of professional organizations like FOGSI, ICOG, ICMU, IFUMB and IMA in training and educating the practising gynecologists in the field of Obs/Gyn ultrasound.
Background: Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are the most preferred cell type, based on their phenotypic characteristics, plasticity, and favorable immunological properties for applications in soft-tissue augmentation. Hence, the present in vitro study was aimed to evaluate the adipogenic differentiation potential of human ADSCs upon culturing individually with collagen gel and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). Materials and methods: The collected lipoaspirate was used for establishing ADSCs using enzymatic digestion method. Then, the cells were analyzed for their morphology, viability, proliferation rate, population doubling time (PDT), colony-forming ability, cell surface markers expression, and osteogenic differentiation as biological properties. Further, ADSCs were evaluated for their adipogenicity using induction media alone, and by culturing with collagen gel and PRF individually for prospective tissue augmentation. Results: ADSCs were successfully established in vitro and exhibited a fibroblast-like morphology throughout the culture period. Cells had higher viability, proliferation potential and showed their ability to form colonies. The positive expression of cell surface markers and osteogenic ability confirmed the potency of ADSCs. The ADSCs cultured on collagen gel and PRF, individually, showed higher number of differentiated adipocytes than ADSCs grown with adipogenic induction medium alone. Conclusion: The extent of lipid accumulation by ADSCs was slightly higher when cultured on collagen gel than on PRF. Additional experiments are required to confirm better suitability of scaffold materials for soft-tissue regeneration.
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