Cumulative burden of cardiovascular risk factors from childhood/adolescence associate with worse midlife cognitive performance independent of adulthood exposure.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate whether asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is more common in patients with diabetes than among control subjects. In addition, we wanted to clarify the clinical significance of ASB in patients with diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data since 1966. Twenty-two studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the meta-analysis.RESULTSASB was present in 439 of 3,579 (12.2%) patients with diabetes and in 121 of 2,702 (4.5%) healthy control subjects. ASB was more common both in patients with type 1 diabetes (odds ratio 3.0 [95% CI 1.1–8.0]) and type 2 diabetes (3.2 [2.0–5.2]) than in control subjects. The point prevalence of ASB was higher in both women (14.2 vs. 5.1%; 2.6 [1.6–4.1]) and men (2.3 vs. 0.8%; 3.7 [1.3–10.2]) as well as in children and adolescents (12.9 vs. 2.7%; 5.4 [2.7–11.0]) with diabetes than in healthy control subjects. Albuminuria was more common in patients with diabetes and ASB than those without ASB (2.9 [1.7–4.8]). History of urinary tract infections was associated with ASB (1.6 [1.1–2.3]).CONCLUSIONSWe were able to show that the prevalence of ASB is higher in all patients with diabetes compared with control subjects. We also found that diabetic subjects with ASB more often had albuminuria and symptomatic urinary tract infections.

Previously observed favorable trends in ldl-cholesterol levels have leveled off among a sample of young and middle-aged adults in finland triglyceride and blood pressure levels have decreased over one-third of the study population had prediabetes and may be at increased risk for T2D:

Prevalence of fatty liver was 29% in overweight/obese and 5% in normal-weight adults. Differences in factors associated with fatty liver were seen between these two groups: alcohol intake and smoking were more strongly and triglycerides more weakly associated in normal-weight than in overweight/obese participants.

The increase in pediatric obesity emphasizes the importance of identification of children and adolescents at high risk of fatty liver in adulthood. We used data from the longitudinal Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study to examine the associations of childhood (3-18years) risk variables with fatty liver assessed in adulthood at the age of 34-49years. The findings suggest that a multifactorial approach with both lifestyle and genetic factors included would improve early identification of children with a high risk of adult fatty liver.

These longitudinal data suggest that elevated BP levels associated with prematurity are more likely to be present in those with fetal growth restriction.

Lower SES in childhood may be associated with an increased risk for MetS, IFG, and type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Special attention could be paid to children of low SES families to decrease the prevalence of MetS in adulthood.

Background and aims Carotid plaque is a specific sign of atherosclerosis and adults with carotid plaque are at increased risk for cardiovascular outcomes. Atherosclerosis has roots in childhood and pediatric guidelines provide cutoff values for cardiovascular risk factors. However, it is unknown whether these cutoffs predict adulthood advanced atherosclerosis. Methods The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study is follow-up of children begun in 1980 when 2653 participants with data for present analyses were aged 3-18 years. In 2001 and 2007 followups, in addition to adulthood cardiovascular risk factors, carotid ultrasound data was collected. Long-term burden as the area under the curve was evaluated for childhood (6-18 years) risk factors. To study the associations of guideline-based cutoffs with carotid plaque, both childhood and adult risk factors were classified according to clinical practice guidelines. Results Carotid plaque, defined as focal structure of arterial wall protruding into lumen >50% compared to adjacent intima-media thickness, was present in 88 (3.3%) participants. Relative risk for carotid plaque, when adjusted for age and sex, was 3.03 (95%CI, 1.76-5.21) for childhood dyslipidemia, 1.51 (95%CI, 0.99-2.32) for childhood elevated systolic blood pressure, and 1.93 (95%CI, 1.26-2.94) for childhood smoking. Childhood dyslipidemia and smoking remained independent predictors of carotid plaque in models additionally adjusted for adult risk factors and family history of coronary heart disease. Carotid plaque was present <1% of adults with no childhood risk factors. Conclusions Findings reinforce childhood prevention efforts and demonstrate the utility of guideline-based cutoffs in identifying children at increased risk for adulthood atherosclerosis.