Cardiovascular risk factors in 2011 and secular trends since 2007: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study

Nuotio, Joel; Oikonen, Mervi; Magnussen, Costan G.; Jokinen, Eero; Laitinen, Tomi T.; Hutri‐Kähönen, Nina; Kähönen, Mika; Lehtimäki, Terho; Taittonen, Leena; Tossavainen, Päivi; Jula, Antti; Loo, Britt-Marie; Viikari, Jorma; Raitakari, Olli T.; Juonala, Markus

doi:10.1177/1403494814541597

Cited by 66 publications

(69 citation statements)

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“…These metrics quantify the maximum possible accuracy (in terms of R 2 ) of a linear predictor from the corresponding set of SNPs 20,21 (Methods). We used 3,234 individuals for whom genome-wide SNP data and expression measurements were available from METSIM (adipose), YFS (blood), and NTR (blood) data sets 22–24 (Methods, Supplementary Table 1). All expression measurements were adjusted for batch confounders, and array probes were merged into a single expression value for each gene where possible (Methods).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we included 11,484 participants from two Finnish population cohorts, the METabolic Syndrome in Men (METSIM, n=10,197) 52,53 and the Young Finns Study (YFS, n=1,414) 22,23 . 1,400 randomly selected individuals from the 10,197 METSIM participants underwent a subcutaneous abdominal adipose biopsy of which 600 RNA samples were analyzed using RNA-seq (Supplementary Note).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TC was also adjusted for Statin intake. The biochemical lipid, glucose, and other clinical and metabolic measurements of METSIM and YFS were performed as described previously 22,52,54 . Complete details on the pipeline and quality control procedures can be found in Supplementary Note.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrative approaches for large-scale transcriptome-wide association studies

et al. 2016

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Many genetic variants influence complex traits by modulating gene expression, thus altering the abundance levels of one or multiple proteins. Here, we introduce a powerful strategy that integrates gene expression measurements with summary association statistics from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify genes whose cis-regulated expression is associated to complex traits. We leverage expression imputation to perform a transcriptome wide association scan (TWAS) to identify significant expression-trait associations. We applied our approaches to expression data from blood and adipose tissue measured in ~3,000 individuals overall. We imputed gene expression into GWAS data from over 900,000 phenotype measurements to identify 69 novel genes significantly associated to obesity-related traits (BMI, lipids, and height). Many of the novel genes are associated with relevant phenotypes in the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel. Our results showcase the power of integrating genotype, gene expression and phenotype to gain insights into the genetic basis of complex traits.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrative approaches for large-scale transcriptome-wide association studies

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“…The first crosssectional survey was conducted in 1980, when 3596 participants, aged 3, 6,9,12,15, and 18 years, were randomly chosen from the five study areas on the basis of the national population register. At follow-up visits in 1983 and 1986, the participants, together with their parents, completed a detailed questionnaire, including information on birth weight and preterm birth.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Venous blood samples were drawn after an overnight fast [11]. The analyses to determine serum lipoproteins, C-reactive protein, glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and insulin levels were performed with standard enzymatic methods [12]. Parental years of education was considered an indicator of childhood socioeconomic status and participants' own years of education was used as an indicator of adult socioeconomic status.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of birth weight on life-course blood pressure levels among children born premature

Juonala

Cheung

Sabin

et al. 2015

Journal of Hypertension

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Association of Socioeconomic Status in Childhood With Left Ventricular Structure and Diastolic Function in Adulthood

et al. 2017

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IMPORTANCEIncreased left ventricular (LV) mass and diastolic dysfunction are associated with cardiovascular disease. Prospective data on effects of childhood socioeconomic status (SES) on measures of LV structure and function are lacking. OBJECTIVE To examine whether family SES in childhood was associated with LV mass and diastolic function after adjustment for conventional cardiovascular disease risk factors in childhood and adulthood. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThe analyses were performed in 2016 using data gathered in 1980 and 2011 within the longitudinal population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. The sample comprised 1871 participants who reported family SES at ages 3 to 18 years and were evaluated for LV structure and function 31 years later.EXPOSURES Socioeconomic status was characterized as annual income of the family and classified on a 3-point scale. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESLeft ventricular mass indexed according to height at the allometric power of 2.7 and the E/e′ ratio describing LV diastolic performance at ages 34 to 49 years. RESULTSThe participants were aged 3 to 18 years at baseline (mean [SD], 10.8 [5.0] years), and the length of follow-up was 31 years. Family SES was inversely associated with LV mass (mean [SD] LV mass index, 31.8 [6.7], 31.0 [6.6], and 30.1 [6.4] g/m 2.7 in the low, medium, and high SES groups, respectively; differences [95% CI], 1.7 [0.6 to 2.8] for low vs high SES; 0.8 [−0.3 to 1.9] for low vs medium; and 0.9 [0.1 to 1.6] for medium vs high; overall P = .001) and E/e′ ratio (mean [SD] E/e′ ratio, 5.0 [1.0], 4.9 [1.0], and 4.7 [1.0] in the low, medium, and high SES groups, respectively; differences [95% CI], 0.3 [0.1 to 0.4] for low vs high SES; 0.1 [−0.1 to 0.3] for low vs medium; and 0.2 [0 to 0.3] for medium vs high; overall P < .001) in adulthood. After adjustment for age, sex, and conventional cardiovascular disease risk factors in childhood and adulthood, and participants' own SES in adulthood, the relationship with LV mass (differences [95% CI], 1.5 [0.2 to 2.8] for low vs high SES; 1.3 [0 to 2.6] for low vs medium; and 0.2 [−0.6 to 1.0] for medium vs high; P = .03) and E/e′ ratio (differences [95% CI], 0.2 [0 to 0.5] for low vs high SES; 0.1 [−0.1 to 0.4] for low vs medium; and 0.1 [0 to 0.3] for medium vs high; P = .02) remained significant.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Low family SES was associated with increased LV mass and impaired diastolic performance more than 3 decades later. These findings emphasize that approaches of cardiovascular disease prevention must be directed also to the family environment of the developing child.

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Cardiovascular risk factors in 2011 and secular trends since 2007: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study

Abstract: Previously observed favorable trends in ldl-cholesterol levels have leveled off among a sample of young and middle-aged adults in finland triglyceride and blood pressure levels have decreased over one-third of the study population had prediabetes and may be at increased risk for T2D:

Cited by 66 publications

References 25 publications

Integrative approaches for large-scale transcriptome-wide association studies

Integrative approaches for large-scale transcriptome-wide association studies

Effect of birth weight on life-course blood pressure levels among children born premature

Association of Socioeconomic Status in Childhood With Left Ventricular Structure and Diastolic Function in Adulthood

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