This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Highlights• Relation between the filler volume fraction/particle size & mechanical properties;• Relation between wear resistance and mechanical properties and the contact media;• Wear performance comparison of micro and nanofiller in: sliding and abrasive media. AbstractThe addition of ceramic reinforced material, SiC particles, to resin matrices, results in the improvement of the overall performance of the composite, allowing the application of these materials as tribomaterials in industries such as: automotive, aeronautical and medical. Particle-reinforced polymeric composites are widely used as biomaterials, for example as dental filler materials and bone cements.These reinforced composites have improved mechanical and tribological performance and have higher values of elastic modulus and hardness, and also reduce the shrinkage during the polymerization compared with resin matrices. However, the effect of the filler level in mechanical and tribological behaviour is not quite understood.The aim of this work is to determine the influence of the particle volume fraction and particle size in the wear loss of the composites and their antagonists. Reciprocating wear tests were conducted using a glass sphere against resin polyester silica reinforced composite in a controlled medium, with an abrasive slurry or distilled water. For 6 μ m average particle dimension, seven particles contents were studied ranging from 0 % to 46 % of filler volume fraction (FVF). Afterwards, filler volume fractions of 10 % and 30 % were selected; and, for these percentages, 7 and 4 average particle dimensions were tested and were evaluated regarding their wear behaviour, respectively. The reinforcement particle dimensions used ranged from 0.1 μ m to 22 μ m with the 10 % filler fraction, and for 30 % of filler content the range extended from 3 μ m to 22 μ m. The results allow us to conclude that in an abrasive slurry medium the composite abrasion resistance decreases with the increase of the particle volume fraction, in spite of the accompanying rise in hardness and elastic modulus. With constant FVF, and abrasive slurry, the composite wear resistance increases with increasing average particle dimension. In a distilled water medium and with several FVF values, the minimum wear was registered for a median particle content of 24 %. In this medium and with constant FVF the highest wear resistance occurred for average reinforcement particles of 6 μ m. The removal mechanisms involved in the wear process are discussed, taking into account the systematic SEM observations to evaluate the we...
The complexity of the contact in the mouth leads to an interplay of sliding wear, abrasion and fatigue, independently of the surfaces in contact, which involve either tooth-to-tooth or tooth-to-restoration. Since this is a complex problem and in vivo tests are expensive, much time consuming and the generalization of the attained results very complex, in vitro simulations are the usual research approach. The aim of this study was focused on in vitro fiction-wear tests of dental composites under sliding reciprocating. Tests were done involving human teeth and glass spheres tested against a commercial composite. The main idea was to characterize a commercial composite emphasizing the influence of two different antagonists: glass spheres and human teeth. An energetic approach was used to relate the wear/energy of the pairs, teeth-composite and glass-composite. In order to determine this relationship between both pairs, materials tests were conducted for several normal load conditions and different durations. This allowed determining the usual value of wear coefficient of both pairs of materials and their energetic relationships. Not only was evaluated the wear on the composites but also the antagonist as well. The removal mechanisms involved in the wear process are discussed while taking into account the systematic SEM observations to evaluate the wear mechanisms.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of aging by thermocycling on the mechanical and tribological properties of two indirect filling commercial resin-based restorative composite materials. The studied composites are referenced by the capital letters: A and B. The commercial trade names are omitted, to avoid commercial references. Forty specimens of each material were produced and divided into three groups: a control group not subjected to aging, and two groups, T 1 and T 2 submitted to different thermocycling conditions. The studied properties were surface roughness, elastic modulus (determined dynamically by impulse excitation of vibration, and statically by four-point bending test), flexural strength and work of fracture (four-point bending test), micro-hardness (Vickers micro-indentation) and coefficient of friction (scratch test). From this study, it was possible to conclude that Composite A, in addition to having better mechanical properties, is less affected by thermocycling than Composite B, which suggests that it will better withstand the stresses, both mechanical and thermal, which it is subjected to. It is also possible to infer that the thermocycling regimen proposed by Standard ISO 11405 (Dental materialstesting of adhesion to tooth structure, 2003) is not sufficient to adequately simulate the degradation caused by the oral Technical Editor: Estevam Las Casas.
Two-body abrasion occurs in the mouth whenever there is tooth-to-tooth contact. This is what most dentists call attrition. Abrasive wear may also occur when there is an abrasive slurry interposed between two surfaces, such that the two solid surfaces are not actually in contact, this is called three-body abrasion, with food acting as the abrasive agent, and occurs in the mouth during mastication. Abrasion is the key physiological wear mechanism that is present in dental materials during normal masticatory function. The two main categories of restoration materials are dental amalgam and composite restorative material. Although amalgam has excellent mechanical properties, it also has certain limitations and disadvantages. The main negative factors for amalgam are: aesthetic factor, toxicity of mercury, weak adhesion to healthy dental tissue, duration of restoration, corrosion and feeble resistance to fracture.One of the main objectives in wear studies is to determine the nature of the dependency between the mechanical properties of materials and their tribological behaviour of the surfaces in contact. The aim of the present work is to study the effect of cure conditions on light curable composites on hardness and the respective abrasion resistance. Six commercially available composite restorative materials used for posterior restorations were selected for the study. In order to obtain comparative results one amalgam has been included in the study. The technique of ball-cratering is used to evaluate the resistance to abrasion.
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