Background: Non-typhoidal Salmonellae (NTS) are the predominant source of foodborne Salmonellosis in humans. Livestock and poultry are important reservoirs of NTS. In the context of food safety, this study was undertaken to characterize Salmonella species isolated from livestock, poultry and fish for antimicrobial resistance. Methods: A total of 620 fecal and food samples were randomly collected from different places. Isolation and identification of Salmonella species were done employing microbial and molecular tests. Phenotypic AMR pattern was studied as per the CLSI guidelines and AMR genes were detected by PCR. Result: Salmonella spp. were detected in 39(6.29%) out of 620 samples. Salmonella isolates were 100% sensitive to aztreonam, cefepime, cefpodoxime, followed by cefoxitin (97.43%), ceftazidime (94.43%), piperacillin/tazobactam (94.87%) and ciprofloxacin (71.79%). However, resistance to ampicillin (53.84%), colistin (66.66%), tetracycline (58.57%), amoxyclav (33.33%) and sulfafurazole (23.07%) was observed. Out of 39 isolates, 7(17.94%) were ESBL positive strains and blaTEM was detected in the two ESBL positive isolates. Quinolone- resistant QnrS gene was present in 3(7.69%) isolates. KPC, AmpC and MBL positivity and genes encoding mobile colistin resistance (mcr) were not detected. The presence of virulent and drug-resistant strains of Salmonella in livestock and poultry may poses environmental, food safety and public health risks.
The region of Satara district experiences summer from March to May, with maximum temperature ranging from 35°C to 43°C and the warmest month is May (43°C) whereas, the monsoon lasts from June to September with moderate to high precipitation during which temperature ranges from 28°C to 32°C along with 80% to 90% relative humidity. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of THI on the HSP70 gene expression pattern during summer and rainy seasons in Deccani sheep at LFC, KNP College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal, Dist. Satara (Maharashtra). The meteorological variables like temperature and relative humidity were recorded for calculating THI and whole blood samples (06 ml each) of eight non-pregnant, non-lactating and apparently healthy Deccani sheep were collected for HSP70 gene expression pattern during peak summer (month of May) and peak rainy (month of August) seasons in the year 2019. The significantly (P less than 0.01) higher THI was recorded during summer than rainy season. The relative mRNA expression of the HSP70 gene during the peak summer season was found 1.79 folds more as compared to peak rainy season during the present study.
Avian pox diseases are contagious and slow spreading viral infections in birds. The present study was aim to, isolate and molecular characterization of turkeypox virus from a clinical case. Ten out of the twelve scab lesions sample collected from clinically suspected cases were positive for avian pox viurs (APV) based on virus isolation and polymerase chain reaction. We conducted genetic characterization of the APV strain. The phylogenetic analyses of P4b gene APV genome indicated that, avian poxviruses fragments sequenced in this study clustered along the A clade of avipoxviruses, genetically related to Indian fowl pox virus isolated from chicken, showing 99% homology.
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