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Present investigation was undertaken to detect and characterize the PPR virus from different clinical tissue samples of 14 sheep and 17 goats with respiratory disease from Maharashtra, India. All animals were tested by Sandwich ELISA, of which 70.96% were found positive carrying high PPR virus inwhich 12 were sheep and 10 were goats respectively. For confirmation of PPR, molecular detection was performed with RT-PCR using F gene and N gene specific primers. Intestine samples accounted for highest percent positivity (75%) followed by blood (66.66%) and lymph node (62.5%) for presence of virus. Unusually higher positivity was observed in heart, liver and Kidney (60%, each) than normal predilection sites such as lungs (57.84%) and spleen (50%). While nasal swabs and blood were individually processed with F gene and N gene specific PCR, the triturated organs were pooled for processing into ‘Sample A’ comprised of heart, kidney, liver and intestine combined together and ‘Sample B’ comprising of lung, spleen and lymph nodes combined for the molecular detection of PPR yielding the products each of 372bp and 463bp sizes, respectively. Out of total 40 samples tested, 09/12 each from both sample A and B, while 02/10 nasal swabs resulted positive, respectively and all 06 blood samples remained negative. (F as well as N gene PCR methods were found best suitable for detection of PPR virus from tissue samples of small ruminants).

Staphylococcus aureus isolated from chicken samples of retail market of Shirwal city exhibited 36% (18/50) prevalence, confirmed  biochemically as well as by polymerase chain reaction by employing 16s-rDNA and species-specific sau genes. None of the isolates were  found to possess virulence genes, viz., sea, seb, sec and sed. Antimicrobial resistance pattern revealed that 100% isolates were resistant  to 16 among 24 antibiotics, while 5 antibiotics showed more than 70% resistance, except for tobramycin (44.44%) and gentamicin,  streptomycin (38.89% each). All isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). Screening for the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes  revealed the presence of aacA-D, ermA, tetK and tetM genes. None of the isolates carried mecA, mrsA, mrsB, vanA, vanB and ermC genes,  although phenotypic resistance was noted.