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In the work the character of water clusterization in the whole existence domain of its liquid state is discussed: from supercooled states to the critical point. Conclusions about the cluster composition of liquid water are drawn based on the analysis: 1) of the features of dielectric relaxation; 2) character of the temperature dependence of its static dielectric permittivity, and 3) the value and temperature dependence of different contributions to the heat capacity of the system. It is shown that near the water crystallization point tetramers prevail in its structure, with an increase in the temperature trimers start to play the main role, and near the critical point of water dimers become the major associates. At temperatures near the water crystallization point the obtained results well agree with the data on emission and absorption X-ray spectroscopy.

The work is devoted to the investigation of the physical nature of H-bonds. The H-bond potential ΦH (r, Ω ) is studied as an irreducible part of the interaction energy of water molecules. It is defined as a difference between the generalized Stillinger–David potential and the sum of dispersive and multipole interactionpotentials. The relative contribution of ΦH (r, Ω ) to the intermolecular potential does not exceed (10–15)%.

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