The work was motivated by the increasing awareness of the need for bone age assessment (BAA) schemes featuring an appropriate methodology for skeletal age estimation. The endocrinological problems in youngsters are already evident in many countries worldwide, varying in scale and intensity for different age groups and sexes. Change in lifestyles and eating habits of people also contribute to endocrine disorders, increasing the need for a system that predicts such problems well in advance. Skeletal bone age assessment is a procedure often used in the management and diagnosis of endocrine disorders. It also serves as an indication of the therapeutic effect of treatment. It is of much significance in pediatric medicine in the detection of hormonal growth or even genetic disorders. Bone age is assessed from the left-hand wrist radiograph and then compared with the chronological age. A discrepancy between the two indicates abnormalities. This paper consists of an overall review and technical assessments of various skeletal age assessment schemes in the literature. This review also recommends some research areas in this field and those leading to high efficiency are highlighted
Ameloblastoma is a true neoplasm of enamel organ type tissue. It is the most common odontogenic neoplasm with more frequency in the mandible. A 20 years old male patient presented with a swelling in the right side of the mandible of 10 months duration. Orthopantomograph revealed multilocular radiolucency extending from the region of 46 to the condyle. Incision biopsy revealed features of plexiform ameloblastoma. Numerous vascular spaces of varying size were seen throughout the stroma. Excision biopsy also revealed similar findings. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of hemangiomatous plexiform ameloblastoma was made. Hemangiomatous ameloblastoma (HA) is still a controversial entity, with some pathologists ruling it out as a separate lesion. This paper discusses the possibility that HA might be an aggressive variant of ameloblastoma and reviews relevant literature.
The work explains an efficient method for skeletal bone age assessment (BAA) from the epiphysis/metaphysis of phalanges using Hausdorff distance as the measure for classification. The method was based on the Tanner and Whitehouse (TW2) method of BAA. The system guaranteed accurate BAA for the age range 0-10 years for both male and female. The input image was initially preprocessed and 8 EMROI joints were identified and cropped, which were segmented using difference of the Gaussian (DoG) method. 14 features were extracted from each EMROI and stored as feature vector. In addition, three distance parameters were extracted to compute the closeness of the epiphysis and metaphysis of the fifth finger middle phalanx as a measure of fusion. Finally, classification of the image into one of the ten bone age classes was done by measuring the Hausdorff distance between the trained feature vector and the feature set of the test image. The assigned age class (Class A-J), was then mapped onto the final bone age. The performance of the system was evaluated with the help of diagnosis done by two skilled radiologists. The system was very robust, achieving an accuracy rate of 98%, specificity rate 99%, precision rate 88%, and recall rate 90% when partitioning the dataset into 120 train images and 100 test images. When partitioned into 160 train images and 60 test images, the system scored 99% for accuracy, 99% for specificity, 95% for precision and 94% for recall. For the partition with 180 train images and 40 test images, the proposed method showed 100% results in all the four performance metrics.
Abstract:Skeletal maturity is a reliable indicator of growth and skeletal bone age assessment (BAA) is used in the management and diagnosis of endocrine disorders. Bone age can be estimated from the left-hand wrist radiograph of the subject. The work presented in this paper proposes the development of an efficient technique for segmentation of hand-wrist radiographs and identifying the bones specially used as Regions of Interest (ROIs) for the bone age estimation process. The segmentation method is based on the concept of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and it consists of graph-based segmentation procedure. The system provides an option of either segmenting all the bones totally or segmenting only the specific ROIs under consideration. The system is validated with a data set of 100 images with 50 radiographs of female subjects and 50 of male subjects. The time taken for segmenting each bone is calculated and the results are discussed.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.