Context:Carcinoma in an early stage of development is hard to detect clinically because the lesion may not be palpable and color of the lesional tissue is not necessarily different from the color of the surrounding mucosa. In order to improve the efficacy of the diagnosis, techniques are being developed to complement clinical examination and to facilitate the identification of initial carcinomas.Aims:To find out the efficacy of chemiluminescent illumination (ViziLite™) for the diagnosis in precancer and cancer patients and compare this result to toluidine blue staining and oral exfoliative cytology.Materials and Methods:This study was done in 3 groups. Each group consists of 10 cases. Group I consists of normal appearing mucosa. Group II and III consist of clinically diagnosed pre-cancer and clinically suggestive of cancer respectively. Chemiluminescent illumination, toluidine blue supravital staining, oral exfoliative cytology and biopsy were performed in all cases.Statistical analysis used:SPSS version 10.05 was used to calculate positive and negative predictive values.Results:In Group I, all 10 patients showed negative result to ViziLite™. 8 patients showed positivity and 2 patients showed negativity to ViziLite™ test in Group II. 9 patients were positive and one patient was negative for ViziLite™.Conclusions:Chemiluminescent illumination test was sensitive for precancerous and cancerous lesions, which presented as keratotic lesions and red-white lesions. It showed negative result to erosive lesions. Toluidine blue staining test was reliable in precancerous and cancerous lesions, which present as erosive and red-white lesions. It showed negative result to keratotic lesions. Oral exfoliative cytology has diagnostic value in cancer patients than in precancer patients. These Results indicate that chemiluminescent illumination test is relatively reliable and accurate than toluidine blue staining test and useful chair side diagnostic test.
Background
A pilot study reported an autologous buccal mucosal cell transplant in humans through the trans-urethral route using the buccal epithelium expanded and encapsulated in scaffold—hybrid approach to urethral stricture (BEES-HAUS), a minimally invasive approach to treat urethral stricture. Although successful outcomes were achieved in that study, for further validation, it is essential to prove that the transplanted buccal epithelium was engrafted over the urothelium through histological examination of the urethra, harvested post-transplant, which is infeasible in humans. Herein, we report the successful creation of an animal model of urethral stricture and the engraftment of epithelial cells derived from autologous buccal mucosal tissue, encapsulated in a thermo-reversible gelation polymer (TGP) scaffold, transplanted by trans-urethral route.
Methods
An animal model of urethral stricture was created in Japanese white male rabbits using electro-coagulation. Buccal tissue was harvested from the rabbits and subjected to enzyme digestion, followed by 5–7 days of in vitro culture in conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture and in a 3D platform of thermo-reversible gelation polymer (3D-TGP) culture. The cells harvested from the groups were mixed and encapsulated and transplanted with TGP, by transurethral catheterization. Fourteen days later, the urethra was harvested and subjected to histological examination. The buccal biopsy tissue, cells after digestion and cells post-culture were also subjected to histological examination. Urethrogram and endoscopy images were recorded at different time points.
Results
The stricture was successfully created, with the coagulated area markedly stenosed. Histological staining of the cells after in vitro processing showed that the cells grew with native epithelial and rounded cell morphology in 3D-TGP while they differentiated into fibroblast like-cells in 2D culture. Histological staining of the urethral tissue after transplantation revealed the engraftment of the transplanted buccal mucosal cells, with stratified squamous epithelium over the specialized stratified urothelium in the urethrotomy site.
Conclusion
We used histology to prove the successful engraftment of TGP-encapsulated buccal mucosal epithelial cells in an animal model of urethral injury with healing of the injured tissue. The model of urethral stricture and cell therapy, using a transurethral approach, recapitulates the previously reported BEES-HAUS approach and lays the foundation for larger multi-centric translational clinical studies.
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare and correlate mast cell density (MCD) and microvessel density (MVD) between normal oral mucosa, oral lichen planus, various grades of dysplasia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: The study comprised a total of 75 samples, of which 65 were archival tissue blocks of histopathologically confirmed cases, which included 10 cases of oral lichen planus, 25 cases of dysplasia (mild [n=10], moderate [n=10], and severe [n=5]), and 30 cases of OSCC (well differentiated [n=10], moderately differentiated [n=10], and poorly differentiated [n=10]), and 10 samples of normal oral mucosa. All the sections were immunohistochemically stained with anti-CD34 and counterstained with toluidine blue stain. Mean MCD and MVD were determined and analyzed using ANOVA test and compared between the lesions using Tukey HSD test. Pearson’s correlation coefficient test was used to correlate these two factors between various lesions. Results: Mean MCD and mean MVD were found to be increased in all the lesions compared to normal oral mucosa, and the values were statically significant. Overall, MCD and MVD showed a significant positive correlation (r=0.640). Conclusion: Increase of MCD and MVD and their positive correlation in all the lesions have emphasized their role in the pathogenesis and disease progression.
Graft failure due to de-differentiation of the chondrocytes during in vitro culture and after transplantation is a major hurdle in Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI). We, herein, report the transplantation of autologous chondrocytes expanded using a Thermo-reversible Gelation Polymer (TGP) in a rabbit model. A full thickness chondral defect was created in one of the knee joints in each of the six rabbits of the study and autologous chondrocytes expanded using TGP scaffold were transplanted after 10 weeks. H & E staining of the biopsy after 6 months revealed maintenance of articular cartilage phenotype.
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