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Investigations into hydroelasticity of ships commenced in the 1970s. Since then the theory has been employed to predict the responses of a wide range of marine structures, such as mono- and multihulled ships, offshore structures, and VLFS. In recent years, with increasing market demands for new buildings of slender ocean going carriers and the continuously updated high-speed and unconventional multihulled designs, the maritime industry began to notice the advantage of assessing the usefulness and applicability of hydroelasticity in ship design. At first instance, the aim of this paper is to illustrate some of the applications of hydroelasticity theory to ships, with particular reference to recent and ongoing developments focusing on ship design applications and the effects of non-linearities and viscous flows. The paper also discusses the longer term potential use of weakly and fully non-linear fluid—structure interaction, as well as Navier—Stokes based fluid dynamic methods, for the improved modelling of ship dynamic response problems.

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The aim of this paper is to critically assess the methods used for the evaluation of wave-induced loads on ships examining analytical, numerical and experimental approaches. The paper focuses on conventional ocean going vessels and loads originating from steady state and transient excitations, namely slamming, sloshing and green water, for the latter, and including extreme or rogue waves, as well as the more occasional loads following damage. The advantages and disadvantages of the relatively simpler potential flow approaches against the more time consuming CFD methods are discussed with reference to accuracy, modelling nonlinear effects, ease of modelling and of coupling with structural assessment procedures, suitability for long term response prediction and suitability for integration within design and operational decision making. The paper also assesses the uncertainties involved in predicting wave-induced loads and the probabilistic approaches used for the evaluation of long term response and fatigue analysis. The current design practice is reviewed and the role of numerical prediction methods within the classification framework and goal based design approach discussed. Finally the suitability of current developments in prediction methods to meet the needs of the industry and future challenges is assessed.