Prediction of wave-induced loads on ships: Progress and challenges

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to critically assess the methods used for the evaluation of wave-induced loads on ships examining analytical, numerical and experimental approaches. The paper focuses on conventional ocean going vessels and loads originating from steady state and transient excitations, namely slamming, sloshing and green water, for the latter, and including extreme or rogue waves, as well as the more occasional loads following damage. The advantages and disadvantages of the relatively simpler potential flow approaches against the more time consuming CFD methods are discussed with reference to accuracy, modelling nonlinear effects, ease of modelling and of coupling with structural assessment procedures, suitability for long term response prediction and suitability for integration within design and operational decision making. The paper also assesses the uncertainties involved in predicting wave-induced loads and the probabilistic approaches used for the evaluation of long term response and fatigue analysis. The current design practice is reviewed and the role of numerical prediction methods within the classification framework and goal based design approach discussed. Finally the suitability of current developments in prediction methods to meet the needs of the industry and future challenges is assessed.

Study on the impulsive pressure of tank oscillating by force towards multiple degrees of freedom

“…Independent randam variables subject to the normal distribution X1, X2, ... XN are assumed that mean values are  and variances are 2  (usually unkonwn). Then sample mean X and unbiased variance 2 u are defined by eq. (1).…”

“…Impulsive loads [1,2] should be excited under nonlinear phenomena with free surface fluctuating severely such as sloshing and slamming in the field of naval architecture.…”

The Longitudinal Strength Analysis of Aquaculture Floating Structure in Indonesia Sea Water

“…Numerically, CFD and strip method is usually carried out to calculate the wave load. For the needs of the industry, the prediction method is a solution to produce the wave load by entering the variable of principal dimensions and environmental conditions [7].…”

Operational Methods for Ships in Waves—From Perspectives of Structure Health and Maneuvering Convenience

“…By integrating onboard estimation of sea states, this procedure conceptually illustrated how the system was used to deduce decision-making with respect to the accumulated fatigue damage in the hull girder. Tremendous studies [8,9] including the above mentioned ones have focused on modeling the stress and fatigue on ship's hull structures for the evaluation of safe design and safe construction purposes. However, there were rare researches which focus on the model of real stain-stress data to examine the traditional operation methods of ships and to feed back to the ship's practical operation.…”