The aim of the study was to identify urinary biomarker for early detection of renal dysfunction in dogs. Paired blood and urine samples were analysed from dogs classified on the basis of International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) staging system. Serum biochemistry revealed a highly significant increase in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in dogs with kidney disease. Urinalysis also revealed a highly significant increase in the level of urinary protein and urinary protein creatinine (UPC) ratio in dogs with kidney disease. A highly significant decrease in urinary creatinine and specific gravity level was also present in all groups of dogs with kidney disease. The SDS-PAGE of urinary proteins obtained from dogs with renal failure revealed the presence of low molecular weight (LMW) proteins of 14.7 KDa. This protein was identified as cystatin C protein by Immunoblotting using anti-cystatin C antibody and it has been suggested as biomarker for the diagnosis of renal disease.
A 52-year-old female, a known case of Chronic Liver Disease with portal hypertension for the past 2 years, presented with dyspnoea on exertion for past 1 month which increases during exertion and also on assuming upright posture. She also had history of abdominal pain & black coloured stools for the past 4 days. On physical examination, the patient had Grade III pan digital clubbing [ ; Total protein -4.5; S.Albumin -2.1(3 -5 g); S.Globulin -2.4(2-3.5 g). Complete hemogram showed high haemogloblin of around 16.8gm%, with total count of 3000 cells/cu.mm and platelet count of 30000 cells/cu.mm. In peripheral smear, RBCs looked normochromic normocytic, WBC count and platelet count were diminished. Viral serological markers were negative and serum ceruloplasmin was 19.3 mg% (25-65mg/dl). Arterial blood gas analysis showed characteristic decrease in pO 2 more than 5 mmHg from supine to upright posture indicating opening of intrapulmonary shunting during upright posture resulting in arterial hypoxaemia [Table/ Fig-3]. Ultrasound abdomen showed liver span of 10.7cms with dilated portal vein and spleen was enlarged upto 15.9cm. Collaterals were noted in epigastrium. Chest X ray showed reticulonodular pattern on bilateral basal zones[Table / Fig-4]. HRCT of thorax [Table/ Fig-5] showed bilateral patchy ground glass opacities in the dependent position. Endoscopy showed small grade I varices and gastropathy (snake skin We report the case of a 52-year-old female, a known case of Chronic Liver Disease with portal hypertension. She presented with dyspnoea, platypnoea, melena, cyanosis, clubbing and orthodeoxia. She had oesophageal varices and splenomegaly indicating portal hypertension. Her arterial blood gas revealed hypoxaemia and orthodeoxia. From this clinical background and investigation, a diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome was made. Patient was managed conservatively as she was not willing for liver transplantation.
Background: Enrofloxacin used considerably on large scale among poultry birds. Detection and monitoring of its residues is vital in the domestic and export market. A simple and rapid LCMS/MS method for screening of Enrofloxacin and its metabolite residues in poultry liver samples was described. Methods: Target analytes were extracted with a solvent combination of 5% phosphoric acid in 50% acetonitrile in water. It was followed by deep freezing for efficient separation of the liquid phase. Later extractants were subjected to centrifugation at 4oC, 10,000 rpm for 20 minutes and supernatant was filtered and injected into LCMS/MS. 0.1% formic acid is used as mobile phase additive for both aqueous and organic mobile phase acetonitrile. Result: Accuracy and precision values of the method are within the acceptable limit of ( less than 5% RSD) accorded by the European commission. Standardized method has been applied to determine the Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin residues in liver samples collected in local markets and found within maximum residue limits.
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