Due to rising trend of beef demand in Asia in the next two decades it is necessary to find additional sources of beef supply. In most Southeast Asian countries, male dairy and swamp buffalo have not yet been raised for a primary purpose of quality beef production. This study was aimed to compare growth and feeding performances as well as economic returns from feeding male dairy, beef cattle and swamp buffalo for quality beef. Thirty-six animals, 12 of each breed group, were used in feeding trial to compare the cost of beef production. Two levels of concentrate feeding, 1.75% of body weight (BW) and 1.00% of BW, were used for each breed group in order to compare feeding methods i.e. high and low levels. Within each breed group two animals of similar initial BW were randomly assigned to the two levels of feeding. The animals were fed from about 150 kg BW until reaching the final weight of about 400 kg. The results from this study showed that under the prevailing economic conditions in Thailand the cost of beef production from buffalo was lowest due to very low cost of feeder stocks, followed by dairy and beef. However, the cost of feeding per kg of BW gain was lowest in beef and highest in buffalo i.e. when disregarding the differences in cost of feeder stocks. Beef calves grew faster than dairy and buffalo, with better feed efficiencies. The results indicated that beef cattle could be more suitable for beef production for high-quality beef market, while buffalo could be more suitable for small farms where high roughage feeding is common. Male dairy calves appeared to require higher level of concentrate feeding than 1% BW in order to maintain good body conditions.
This research aimed to study the concept of human resource development in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand and to study the guidelines of human resource development to achieve capability in sustainability leadership. This research was qualitative research. The instrument for research consisted of an interview forms for the qualitative research. The key informants for the study included 10 lectures in university and 10 entrepreneurs' in SMEs in Songkhla Province, Thailand. Purposive sampling was used to find sample group and major data source. The data were analyzed using the content analysis. The results of the study indicated that the human resource development in Thailand need to focus on the attitude, leadership, using of technology and innovation, creativity, foreign languages, human relations, and administrative skills. The capability in sustainability leadership concept is the human resource development in the organization in order that individuals are aware of what they are doing in the organization. The guidelines of human resource development to achieve capability in sustainability leadership is required to make individuals understand and know more about themselves by practicing confidence and expression with the leadership.
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