Environmental Conditions and Resource Management in Smallholder Dairy Farms in Thailand. I. Production Systems and Management of Resources

Skunmun, P.; Boonsom, J.; Kaewsuwan, S.; Chantalakhana, C.

doi:10.5713/ajas.1999.215

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…This current laboratory-based study involved temperatures of 40 • C to mimic the ground temperature of tropical areas where the swine manure is typically sun-dried before selling or spreading onto arable land. [23] In contrast to composting, where elevated temperature occurs as a result of microbiological activity, in this situation it would be largely due to solar heating.…”

Section: Half-lives (H)mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Even in manure regarded as sun-dried the moisture content is still some 15 %. [23,42] Previous investigation of OTC degradation kinetics in steer manure and soil (where both biotic and abiotic processes were involved) found data fit models less well at elevated temperature. [2] Figure 1 and nonlinear regression statistics therein show this is also the case in this current work that focused on abiotic processes only and is confirmed by AIC values of 24.5 and 13.4, respectively for the 40 • C and 25 • C data plotted in this Figure. The reason for this behavior is uncertain, but the result suggests there is less confidence with derived measures of persistence such as half-life at elevated temperatures.…”

Section: Half-lives (H)mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…[2,5,19] In countries such as Thailand and many others throughout South-East Asia, raw manure is typically sun-dried for only a few days and then spread over the soil or sold as an organic fertilizer. [23] Without significant degradation, OTC from the dried swine manure could be transferred to soil [6] and surface and groundwater. [24] Exposure to solar radiation and reduced moisture content has been shown to reduce bacterial numbers in manure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of temperature, pH and illumination on abiotic degradation of oxytetracycline in sterilized swine manure

Ratasuk

Boonsaner

Hawker

2012

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

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Tetracyclines such as oxytetracycline (OTC) are widely used veterinary chemicals. They are often poorly absorbed with a significant fraction being excreted in manure that can subsequently result in environmental contamination. In many countries throughout South East Asia swine manure is not composted, but sun-dried. Using sunlight to heat manure has been suggested as an effective and low-cost strategy to reduce OTC contamination, but this has previously been unexplored. Such conditions have also been shown to reduce bacterial numbers in manure meaning abiotic OTC degradation processes may become more significant. This work investigated for the first time, the role of temperature, illumination and pH in the abiotic degradation of OTC in sterilized swine manure. OTC loss from laboratory-based experiments simulating conditions likely to be experienced in sun-drying were assessed using simple first order and availability-adjusted loss models. ANOVA results suggested that neither model was superior to the other. In addition, pH and light had little influence. Temperature was shown to be the main factor influencing OTC loss. Kinetic results showed reductions in OTC concentrations of 65 % after 100 h at 40°C based on the availability-adjusted loss model, regardless of pH and illumination. Such temperatures are likely to be attained during the process of sun-drying. Therefore this may be a useful and practical means of reducing OTC contamination in manure.

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Section: Half-lives (H)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Half-lives (H)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of temperature, pH and illumination on abiotic degradation of oxytetracycline in sterilized swine manure

Ratasuk

Boonsaner

Hawker

2012

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

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“…Numbers of studies (e.g. Skunmun et al 1999) indicate that better animal feeding and husbandry practices are necessary in order to improve production efficiency of dairy cows. Therefore, supplying an improved ration containing all the nutrients in adequate quantities, particularly energy and protein, to dairy cows is crucial for the improvement of milk production.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Production potential of lactating Red Chittagong cows due to improved feeding in small-scale dairy farm

et al. 2018

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The aim of the experiment was to reveal the production potential of lactating Red Chittagong cows through improved feeding. To achieve the aim, the experiment was designed in a completely randomized design with three dietary treatment groups having ten Red Chittagong cows in each group for a period of six months. The cows were randomly allocated to three dietary treatment groups, i.e., T0, T1 and T2. The cows of T0 group received only farmers’ diet (63% of dry matter intake of cows according to ARC, 1995) without the supplementation, served as control. The cows of T1 group received farmers’ diet (63%) plus 25% supplementation of formulated concentrate diet for deficit of requirement of cows {(63 + 9.25) = 72.25% dry matter intake of cows according to ARC, 1995)} and T2 group received farmers’ diet (63%) plus formulated concentrate diet to meet 100% requirement of cows according to ARC (1995) {(63% + 37%) = 100%}. The average milk production of Red Chittagong cows of T0, T1 and T2 groups was 2.40, 3.27 and 4.82 kg per day, respectively. The milk fat, protein, solids not fat, total solids and ash were 4.30, 3.85, 9.02, 13.34 and 0.70; 4.75, 3.70, 8.97, 13.73 and 0.71; and 5.45, 3.56, 8.86, 14.30 and 0.72, g per 100g milk, respectively, for T0, T1 and T2 groups. Therefore, the farmers’ diet plus supplementation of formulated concentrate diet (FCD) to meet 100% requirement of cows was a better improved feeding system of lactating Red Chittagong cows to derive good performance.Progressive Agriculture 29 (2): 147-157, 2018

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Evaluation of the Growth Performance of RCC Growing Bull through the Replacement of Concentrate with Green Grasses

S. M. J.,

M.,

S. F.

et al. 2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development

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Valuable indigenous bovine genetic resources, like Red Chittagong cattle (RCC), have better growth potentiality. Based on the hypothesis, the study was conducted to determine the low-cost feeding system, assessing the growth performance and economic viability of RCC growing bull. Eighteen RCC bulls (n=18), aged 15-18 months, were divided into three dietary groups; control group-(T1) having 40% concentrate supplementation, group-1 (T2) 10% concentrate lower than T1 and group-2 (T3) 20% concentrate lower than T1 in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two block and three replications. The average initial live weight of RCC growing bulls in each group was 112.25 kg, 117 kg, and 109 kg, respectively. The collected data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA to determine significant mean differences and mean comparisons were estimated by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) by using SPSS 22. The research result revealed that average live weight gain was significantly (p<0.05) higher in group 1 (0.64 kg/d) followed by the control group (0.56 kg/d) and group 2 (0.51 kg/d). Additionally, feed cost was found significantly (p<0.05) lower in group-2 (6660.7 BDT) compared to group-1 (8307.9 BDT) and control group (9316.1 BDT) respectively. Moreover, the feed conversion ratio was found significantly (p<0.05) lower in group 1 (6.1) than control group (6.7) and group 2 (7.1). Additionally, the results also exhibited that, Net return was significantly (p<0.05) higher in group-1 (12137.49 BDT) followed by group-2 (9676.3 BDT) and control group (8461.4 BDT). Considering the research findings, it might be concluded that a supply of green roughage with 30% concentrate mixtures could be used for profitable RCC growing bull rearing.

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Environmental Conditions and Resource Management in Smallholder Dairy Farms in Thailand. I. Production Systems and Management of Resources

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Effect of temperature, pH and illumination on abiotic degradation of oxytetracycline in sterilized swine manure

Effect of temperature, pH and illumination on abiotic degradation of oxytetracycline in sterilized swine manure

Production potential of lactating Red Chittagong cows due to improved feeding in small-scale dairy farm

Evaluation of the Growth Performance of RCC Growing Bull through the Replacement of Concentrate with Green Grasses

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