The phosphor bronze (PB) is widely preferred in various engineering applications due to its high strength, toughness, fine grain size, low coefficient of friction, and better corrosion resistance. The present work is to investigate the effect of tungsten disulfide (WS2) solid lubricant particle reinforcement in the phosphor bronze metal matrix composite (PBMC) through the mechanical and machining characteristics. The different variant of the composite is fabricated using stir casting technique by varying the volume percentage of WS2 particle from 0% to10%. The prepared PBMC samples are subjected to mechanical and machining (boring and high-speed turning) characterizations. The hardness (Brinell hardness) and flexural strength of the composites are examined as per the ASTM standard. The surface roughness (Ra) of the PBMC sample is analyzed through the boring and high-speed turning operations by varying the spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is employed to confirm the uniform dispersion of the reinforcement particle through the microstructural analysis. The presence of WS2 particles and other ingredients is ensured by X-ray diffraction analysis in the composites. The influence of WS2 reinforcement particles on tool life is analyzed on the PBMC4 (PBMC with 8% WS2) with the predefined machining parameters in the high-speed turning operation. The increase in WS2 particle (0–10%) improves the hardness (11.85%) and flexural strength in PBMC4 as compared to PBMC1 (PBMC with 0% WS2). At a higher spindle speed (1200 r/min), the Ra is reduced in PBMC1 as compared to 900 r/min, whereas the rest of the PBMC sample show higher surface irregularity at 1200 r/min.
This present study aims to investigate the dry sliding wear behaviour of tungsten disulfide (WS2) particle reinforced bronze matrix composite against surface hardened steel and to discover the optimum wear parameter values such as applied load, sliding distance, sliding velocity and volume fraction of reinforcement to reduce the specific wear rate. The composite specimens were fabricated by liquid metallurgy route by varying the volume fraction of solid lubricant particles and prepared as per American Society for Testing of Materials (ASTM) G99-95. The experiments were carried out based on Taguchi design of experiments technique with L27 orthogonal array. The wear tests were conducted in pin-on disc wear testing machine for different loads - 20N, 40N and 60N, sliding velocities - 2.09m/s, 2.62 m/s and 3.14m/s and sliding distances of 600m, 1200m and 1800m in unlubricated conditions. The significant influence of wear parameters on sliding wear, interactions and optimum combination of wear parameter values to minimize the wear rate were obtained by signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results demonstrated that inclusion of tungsten disulfide particles decreased the wear rate of bronze and also the increases in amount of secondary phase increase the wear resistance of composites. The effect of solid lubricant particle on interfacial temperature was also studied and reported. It was found that percentage of solid lubricant and load are the most significant factors influencing the friction and wear properties of composites. The results revealed that, WS2 particle reinforced bronze matrix composites were the potential component can be replaced for pure bronze products in wear resistance applications.
The measurement of cutting forces in metal cutting is essential to estimate the power requirements, to design the cutting tool and to analyze machining process for different work and tool material combination. Although cutting forces can be measured by different methods, the measurement of cutting forces by a suitable dynamometer is widely used in industrial practice. Mechanical and strain gauge dynamometer are most widely used for measuring forces in metal cutting. The principle of all dynamometers is based on the measurement of deflections or strain produced from the dynamometer structure from the action of cutting force. In this project, a dynamometer is used to measure cutting force, feed force and radial force by using strain gauge accelerometer while turning different material in lathe. The dynamometer is a 500kg force 3- component system. As the tool comes in contact with the work piece the various forces developed are captured and transformed into numerical form system. In this project three forces of different materials such as aluminum, mild steel, brass, copper have been noted down. The forces on these materials with variation in speed and depth of cut are studied. Graphs are drawn on how these forces vary due to variation in speed.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.