An important place in the structure of the causes of postoperative respiratory failure in cardiac surgery is occupied by atelectasis of the lung tissue, which is formed during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The incidence of this complication makes 54–92%.The objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of various respiratory support techniques during CPB.Subjects and methods. 60 patients were randomly included in the study. CPAP Group (positive airway pressure +5 cm H2O) and VC Group (lung ventilation during CPB with parameters: tidal volume 3 ml/kg, respiratory rate 6/min, positive end-expiratory pressure +5 cm H2O).Results. The oxygenation index in VC Group was higher than in CPAP Group at the stages after the end of CPB (289.6 ± 100.0 in VC Group and 223.1 ± 152.0 in CPAP Group), at the end of surgery (in VC Group 318,7 ± 73.8 and in CPAP Group 275.2 ± 90.0) The frequency of intraoperative (VC 16% and CPAP 43%) and postoperative recruiting lung maneuvers (VC 7% and CPAP 26%) in VC Group was lower versus CPAP Group. The incidence of atelectasis in VC Group (10%) decreased compared to CPAP (36.6%).Conclusion: Low-volume ventilation during cardiopulmonary bypass has a more favorable effect on the oxygenating function compared to respiratory support in the CPAP mode.
Currently, there is no uniform respiratory support strategy during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in cardiac anesthesiology.The aim of the study was to examine possible variants of respiratory support during CPB and determine the most effective technique capable to reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications.Material and methods. Ninety cardiac surgery patients were enrolled in the pilot study and divided into groups (CPAP, VC, and apnea). In the CPAP group, positive airway pressure of + 5 cm H2O was maintained during CPB. The VC group patients underwent mechanical ventilation during CPB with a reduced tidal volume of 3 mL/kg, respiratory rate of 6/min, and REER of + 5 cm H2O. In the apnea group, patients received no respiratory support (non-rebreathing system).Results. In both the apnea and CPAP (constant positive airway pressure) group, there was a decrease in oxygenation index (OI) at the end of the CPB compared with baseline values. In the apnea group, the OI dropped from 316.31±81.76 to 230.10±102.48, while in the CPAP group it decreased from 319.37±80.01 to 223.17±152.36 (P<0.001). No significant changes in this parameter were observed in the VC group. The frequency of recruitment maneuvers after CPB to correct the impaired respiratory oxygenation was maximal in patients from apnea group (22 cases (73%) versus 13 cases (43%) in the CPAP group and 5 cases (16%) in the VC group) (P<0.001). Frequency of pulmonary atelectasis on chest radiology in postoperative period was 47, 37, 10% in apnea, CPAP, and VC groups, respectively, and the difference was also significant (P=0.006).Conclusion. Low-volume ventilation is the preferable method of respiratory support in cardiac surgery patients during CPB.
Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. Сеченова МЗ РФ (Сеченовский университет), Москва, РФ В кардиохирургии частота развития различных послеоперационных осложнений, в том числе и легочных, остается на достаточно высоком уровне� Цель: оценка эффективности применения высокочастотной искусственной вентиляции легких (ВЧ ИВЛ) во время искусственного кровообращения (ИК) как меры профилактики послеоперационных легочных осложнений в сравнении с малообъемной вентиляцией� Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 60 кардиохирургических пациентов� Группа HF (ВЧ ИВЛ с контролем давления в дыхательных путях с частотой 300/мин, соотношением длительности вдоха и выдоха 1:2, средним давлением в дыхательных путях 8 мбар) и группа VC (вентиляция легких во время ИК с параметрами: дыхательный объем 3 мл/кг, частота дыхания 6/мин, положительное давление конца выдоха +5 см Н 2 О)� Результаты. Статистически значимой разницы между группами в отношении индекса оксигенации на всех этапах ведения пациентов не выявлено� Общее количество пациентов с выявленными ателектазами в послеоперационном периоде в группе VC составило 3 (9%), а в группе HF -4 (12%) (p = 0,71)� Частота применения рекрутмент-маневров после окончания ИК в группе VС -5 (16%), HF -6 (18%) (p = 0,75)� Продолжительность послеоперационной ИВЛ не различалась между группами исследования� Вывод. Проведение ВЧ ИВЛ в период ИК не имеет существенного преимущества перед малообъемной ИВЛ� Применение обоих режимов вентиляции сопровождается одинаковыми эффектами в отношении послеоперационной оксигенирующей функции легких�
BACKGROUND: The use of local high-volume infiltration anesthesia (LHVIA) is becoming increasingly popular for postoperative analgesia in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, one of the elements of the technique is the use of an intraarticular or wound catheter to prolong the analgesic effect. AIM: Therefore, the investigation aimed to estimate wound catheter use as a component of LHVIA in TKA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 102 patients who underwent primary TKA for stage 3 gonarthrosis under spinal anesthesia with intravenous sedation. Two groups were formed by envelope randomization: the LHVIAc group (n=51) in which the wound catheter was placed at the end of the operation and followed by the infusion of the local anesthetic solution for 24 h; and the LHVIA group (n=51) in which the patients were treated without a catheter. RESULTS: The groups were comparable in terms of sex, age, and the nature of the pathology. The LHVIAc group showed a significantly decreased severity of pain in 46 h after surgery, both at rest and during flexion of the knee (p=0.001 and p=0.003). On postoperative day 1, the use of the wound catheter contributed to a significantly decreased severity of pain syndrome when flexing the knee (p=0.002). No infectious complications or significant adverse reactions were recorded in the groups. CONCLUSION: 1) LHVIA is an effective method of postoperative analgesia in TKA; 2) the use of the catheter in the early postoperative period increased the analgesic effect of LHVIA without increasing the frequency of infectious and other complications; 3) the use of the wound catheter reduced the severity of pain syndrome in postoperative day 1 during activation, which facilitates postoperative rehabilitation of patients with TKA.
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