-In order to protect the legitimate interests of the poplar breeders, growers and industries, we have developed a reliable and affordable certification tool for commercial poplars in Spain. We have carried out a genetic description of the 28 commercial clones of the current Spanish National Catalogue using 10 microsatellite molecular markers (SSR). The results clearly show that in the Spanish National Catalogue there are labelling mistakes including synonymies, supported by a combined probability of identity (PI) of 1.18 × 10 −9 . We have also demonstrate that it is possible to identify all the different clones (genotypes) with only three microsatellites, that show a combined probability of identity of 2.4 × 10 −4 , and we have optimised the protocols to reduce the time and the economical costs of the analysis. This SSR-based tool could be incorporated in the current certification protocols, to avoid duplication of accessions and identification mistakes.commercial poplar clone / microsatellite / identification / Spanish national catalogue Résumé -Développement de marqueurs microsatellites pour l'identification et la certification des clones commerciaux de peuplier en Espagne. Dans le but de protéger les intérêts légitimes des cultivateurs, des sélectionneurs et des industriels de la populiculture, nous avons mis au point un outil de certification fiable et accessible pour les clones de peupliers commerciaux en Espagne. Nous avons fait une description génétique des 28 clones commerciaux de l'actuel catalogue national espagnol en utilisant 10 marqueurs moléculaires microsatellites (SSR). Les résultats obtenus indiquent clairement que ce catalogue contient des erreurs d'identification, dont des clones synonymes, soutenues par une probabilité combinée d'identité (PI) de 1.18 × 10 −9 . Nous avons également démontré qu'il est possible d'identifier tous les génotypes différents avec 3 microsatellites, qui montrent une probabilité combinée d'identité de 2.4 × 10 −4 , et nous avons optimisé les protocoles afin de réduire le temps et le coût de l'analyse. Cet outil fondé sur les SSR pourrait être intégré dans les protocoles actuels de certification afin d'éviter la duplication des matériaux et les erreurs d'identification.clone commercial de peuplier / microsatellite / identification / catalogue national espagnol

A total of sixty-five accessions from the Spanish region of Castilla y León including those authorized in the VQPRD areas were characterized for six SSR loci. All the samples but one unknown were identified by comparison to other databases. Thirty synonymous samples and three cases of homonymy were found out, confirming in most cases ampelographic expectations. Five unique genotypes belonging to local varieties in risk of extinction were detected. Several parameters were calculated to assess the usefulness of the chosen loci in this work. A dendrogram representing the genetic similarities among the accessions was constructed using the neighbor-joining method to investigate possible parentage relationships in the sample, and to explain them from an historical and cultural point of view.

During the last decades a study of the grapevine collection located at the Zamadueñas Station of the Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL) was carried out. Recently, molecular markers have been used for varietal identification and detection of the possible synonymies in the collection. This work shows the results of that characterisation, as well as the detected synonymies and homonymies in the study. The maintenance of the existing plant material is recommended, particularly with reference to the varieties with a marked risk of extinction because they are not presently object of new plantations.