effect of walking traces from Euschistus heros (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) on two strains of Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)" (2003 S H O R T C O M M U N I C A T I O NKairomonal effect of walking traces from Euschistus heros (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) on two strains of Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) Abstract. The semiochemical cues used by geographically isolated strains of the parasitoid, Telenomus podisi (Ashmed), to find eggs of the stink bug Euschistus heros were investigated. Two strains of Te. podisi, maintained on eggs of a South American host (E. heros) were studied. One parasitoid strain originated from specimens collected near Brasilia, Brazil (SA strain), and a second strain originated from specimens collected at Beltsville, Maryland (NA strain). Cold tolerance tests of adults from the NA and SA Te. podisi strains, analyses of the cuticular hydrocarbons between the two strains, and crossing experiments between strains each indicated consistent differences between the NA and SA strains. Subsequent experiments using E. heros showed that SA Te. podisi females specifically recognize traces left on the substrate by walking E. heros females and then search intensively the area of the 'footprints', apparently looking for an egg mass to parasitize. By contrast, Te. podisi females of the NA strain are incapable of recognizing the footprints of E. heros females despite the fact that these parasitoids were reared from eggs of E. heros. The possibility that the two strains are actually different species is discussed.

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Short Coimnunicationslimits for the test amino acids were estimated to be in the range bctween 100 femtomoles (for leucine) and 300 femtomoles (for aspartic acid). These detection limits are approximately three orders of magnitude lower than those obtained in LC of amino acids with indirect CL detection 1141, but about two orders of magnitude higher than those found in CE of labeled amino acids using direct CL detection [5].The indirect CL detection scheme can be used for the determination of a wide variety of analytes provided that such analytes complex strongly and rapidly with Cu(I1). FiFure 3 shows the electropherogram of an opioid peptide, [D-ah ,D-leu 1-enkepha h , obtained with indirect CL detection. Other possible candidates include amines, catechol, catecholamines, and proteins. 4 ConclusionThe feasibility of using indirect CL detection in CE has been demonstrated. This detection mode is simpler than direct CL detection because pre-or postcapillary dcrivatization of non-CL analytes is not required. Detection is based on suppression of the Cu(1l) catalysis of the luminol CL reaction. Work is now in progress to investigate the optimization of the overall system in order to enhance the detection sensitivity for the determination of protein.

The five synthetic pheromone components of the West Indian sugarcane borer (WISB), Metamasius hemipterus (L.) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) were tested in the field. The combination of sugarcane (SC) and the major pheromone compound, 4‐methyl‐5‐nonanol (1) was attractive. However, the addition of 2‐methyl‐4‐heptanol (2) or 2‐methyl‐4‐octanol (3) was required to reach high catch levels while 5‐nonanol (4) or 3‐hydroxy‐4‐methyl‐5‐nonanone (5) did not enhance WISB attraction. The redundancy phenomenon, here reported for the first time in rhynchophorinous species, was observed between compounds 2 and 3. SC + 1 + 3 was more attractive than living male baits, however, the sex‐ratio of the catches was equivalent between both treatments. The sex‐ratio of catches was affected by the qualitative composition of the pheromone formulation. Compound 3 had a sexual role, attracting more females while 5 seemed to play an aggregation role, luring both sexes in the same proportion.