Purpose This study aims to evaluate the direct trust value for each node and calculate the trust value of all nodes satisfying the condition and update the trust value and value each trust update interval for a secure and efficient communication between sender and destination node. Hence, a Trusted Secure Geographic Routing Protocol (TSGRP) has been proposed for detecting attackers (presence of the hacker), considering the trust value for a node produced by combining the location trusted information and the direct trusted information. Design/methodology/approach Amelioration in the research studies related to mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and wireless sensor networks has shown greater concern in the presence of malicious nodes, due to which the delivery percentage in any given network can degrade to a larger extent, and hence make the network less reliable and more vulnerable to security. Findings TSGRP has outperformed the conventional protocols for detecting attacks in MANET. TSGRP is establishing a trust-based secure communication between the sender and destination node. The evaluated direct trust value is used after the transmission of route-request and route-reply packets, to evaluate the direct trust value of each node and a secure path is established between the sender and the destination node. The effectiveness of the proposed TSGRP is evaluated through NS-2 simulation. Originality/value The simulation results show the delay of the proposed method is 92% less than PRISM approach and the overhead of the proposed TSGRP approach is 61% less than PRISM approach.

In this manuscript we establish a multiple-objective gravitational search algorithm (GSA) and Tabu heuristic search to plan electrical distribution system. GSA is minimized the Distribution Generator (DG) investment cost, cost of distribution system loss, operation as well as DG maintenance cost with help of appropriate constraints. So the optimum sizing of DG is planned in the optimum location with reduced cost. Here, the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) accelerates the speed of convergence to combination of Tabu heuristic search method search strategy. As established multipurpose hybrid algorithm to plan electrical distribution system performed at MATLAB / simulink platform as well as efficiency evaluated to compare it other methods. The outcomes of comparison determine the advantage of established method as well as confirm its potential to resolve issue.

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Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology is a significant and timely subject, which is highly motivated by the needs of 5G wireless communications. Data transmission performs MIMO, which is highly sensitive. There are several security issues while transmitting the data such as loss of data and code injection. Two efficient methods are Encryption and Data Hiding protection of data in wireless communication. This dissertation suggests FPGA Implementation of RDHS by Chaotic Key Generation-Based Paillier Cryptography with LDPC using machine learning technique. RDHS stands for Reversible Data Hiding Scheme. In a reversible method, the initial stage of preprocessing is to shrink the histogram of image before the process of encryption. Hence, the plaintext domain changing the encrypted images to data embedding cannot result from any pixel repletion. A little distortion data embedding may be taken as the original image may recover the directly decrypted image. Here, the performance metrics of throughput, area consumed, latency, delay, packet delivery, network life and overhead are calculated. The proposed Paillier homomorphic cryptosystem proposes higher network throughput as 99%, higher network life 98%, lower delay rate as 60%, packet delivery as 74%, overhead as 66%, latency as 55% and area consumed as 61% with the existing method such as McEliece, Elgamal and Elliptic curve cryptosystem in the security analysis of the proposed method providing decryption time 94% and encryption time 98% better than the existing method.

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In this manuscript, a novel control scheme is proposed to achieve the power quality (PQ) enhancement of renewable energy sources (RES), such as photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), fuel cell (FC), and battery. The proposed hybrid technique is the consolidation of both the Improved Bat Algorithm (IBat) and Moth Flame Optimization Algorithm (MFOA), therefore it is known as Improved Bat search Algorithm with Moth Flame Optimization Algorithm (IBatMFOA) control strategy. The crossover and mutation function is utilized to modify the bats search behavior function. Here, MFOA is utilized to enhance the searching behavior of IBat technique by reducing the error function. The main goal of proposed IBatMFOA approach is "to enhance the PQ depending on active with reactive power varience." To attain the target, MFOA is optimized to lessen the power variation. Moreover, the functioning cost of RESs is diminished based on daily with weekly data forecast, like grid electricity price, electrical load, environmental parameters. By using IBatMFOA technique, the entire system efficiency is enhanced. By then, the proposed method is activated in MATLAB site, then the performance is examined with existing methods, like artificial bee colony, Gravitational Search Algorithm, and Firefly algorithm. The active power controller parameters of proposed technique are 8.8554 and 1.8569. The reactive power controller parameters of proposed technique are 8.1657 and 1.5698.active with reactive power, micro grid, power quality enhancement | INTRODUCTIONNowadays, most renewable energy sources (RES) with distributed generation (DG) units, including photovoltaic (PV) arrays and fuel cell (FC) 1,2 are directly produce the DC output energy, but other sources, viz micro turbines, Wind