SUMMARYThe recovery in the faeces of the n-alkanes of herbage (odd-chain, C27–C35) and of dosed artificial alkanes (even-chain, C28 and C32) was studied in twelve 4-month-old castrated male lambs. The lambs received three levels of cut, fresh perennial ryegrass or a mixed diet of perennial ryegrass (0·70) and a barley-based concentrate (0·30) (500–900 g D.M./day). C28 and C32 n-alkanes (130 mg each), absorbed onto shredded paper, were given once daily for 17 days to test whether the recoveries of herbage and dosed alkanes were similar to enable their use as markers for determining the herbage intake of grazing sheep. Stearic and palmitic acids (130 mg each) were given with the dosed alkanes to half of the animals with the objective of facilitating emulsification of the dosed alkanes within the digestive tract.With the exception of C27 n-alkane, the faecal recoveries of all alkanes were unaffected by diet, feeding level or emulsifying agent. Faecal recovery of odd- chain herbage n-alkanes increased with increasing C-chain length. The recovery of the dosed C28 n-alkane was slightly greater than the recoveries of both C27, and C29 n-alkanes of herbage. The recoveries of the dosed C32 n-alkane and the herbage C33-alkane were the same.The mean herbage intake estimated using C33 and C32 n-alkanes was identical to the actual herbage intake. Other alkane pairs gave slight underestimates of herbage intake ranging from 3·5% for the C28–C29 pair to 7·6% for the C27–C28 pair. No cyclical pattern of n-alkane excretion throughout the day was observed. Examination of daily variations in faecal alkane concentrations indicated that the start of alkane dosing should precede the sampling of faeces by at least 6 days.These results suggest that accurate estimation of herbage intake in grazing sheep is possible from the simultaneous use of dosed C32 and herbage C33 n-alkanes as markers.The method may be particularly useful in enabling unbiased estimates of herbage intake to be made in animals receiving supplementary feed.

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An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of grazing a perennial ryegrass {Lolium perenne)/ white clover (Trifolium repens) sward by sheep or goats on sward composition and structure and on subsequent diet selection, herbage intake and liveweight gain by weaned lambs. From mid-May to late July (phase 1), ewes with twin lambs or yearling Scottish Cashmere goats grazed continuously swards maintained at 4-or 8-cm sward surface height. From mid-August to the end of September (phase 2), weaned lambs continuously grazed the same swards maintained at 4 cm (treatment 4-4) or at 8 cm (treatment 8-8) or which had been allowed to increase from 4 cm to 8 cm (treatment 4-8). By the end of phase 1, swards grazed by goats had higher proportions of white clover in the whole sward (0-377 vs. 0181; s.e.d 0 0382; P<000\) than those grazed by sheep, irrespective of sward height treatment. This resulted in phase 2 in a higher proportion of white clover selected {F<0-001) and higher liveweight gains (?< 0-001) by weaned lambs grazing swards previously grazed by goats compared with those previously grazed by sheep. There were higher proportions of clover present in the swards from treatment 4-8 at the beginning of phase 2 compared with the other sward height treatments and consequently weaned lambs had, on this treatment, a higher proportion of clover in their diet (P<0-001), higher herbage intakes (/'<0-001) tPresent address: Instituto de Experimentaci6n y Promocit5n Agraria. Apdo 13.33300 Villaviciosa. Asturias. Spain. Correspondence; Dr. I. A, Wright. Macaulay Land Use Research Institute. CraigiebuckJcr. Aberdeen AB 15 8QH. UK.and higher liveweight gains (f <0-001). It is concluded that goats can be integrated into sequential grazing systems with sheep on grass/clover swards and this can result in an increase in the proportion of clover in swards and increased sheep performance.