A rapid nondestructive test method for ceramic multilayer capacitors made from piezoelectric materiels such as barium titanate or lead-containing materials is described and evaluated. The test method is based on the internal excitation of standing acoustic waves in the capacitors. The standing waves are severely dampened by defects such as indentations and delaminations or warped electrodes. An undampened resonance is a good indication of a defect-free ceramic multilayer capacitor. This finding was used in a nondestructive test setup to evaluate about 1000 capacitors. Throug,h metallographic (cross-section) examination, a sorting accuracy of 2% false accepts and 8% false rejects was determined for the highspeed test setup. The test setup has the potential to test over 100 000 capacitors an hour. [
The relaxation mechanisms of ZnSe/ZnSxSe1−x superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy was studied by transmission rAeclmn icroscopy. The relaxation of misfit strain occured in part by conventional misfit dislocations that reside in the superlattice-buffer layer interface and in part by dislocations pinned at individual layer interfaces of the superlattice. The generation of misfit dislocations at the superlattice-buffer layer interface is inhibited by the misfit strain between individual superlattice layers. Therefore a significant amount of overall strain is present even after 1 μm of growth. Because misfit dislocations are not sufficient in relief of the misfit strain cracks are able to propagate
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