Comparisons are regularly drawn between the average sizes of farms in particular countries or regions and in different farm‐type categories. Indeed average farm size is often considered to explain (or create expectations of) changes or differences in technical or economic efficiency through time or between countries. There are, however, a number of issues involved in specifying what is meant by a farm and in choosing a suitable measure of farm size. These are examined prior to a discussion of various measures of average size, one of which (the mid‐aggregate point) is described in some detail. The measures are illustrated with reference to agricultural holdings in England and in the Member States of the European Union.
Although the notion of economic efficiency is referred to widely, the definition and measurement of such efficiency raises many problems. This paper discusses some of these, with particular reference to the drawing of comparisons between farms of different sizes. A discussion of conceptual issues precedes an examination of some of the problems associated with the drawing of conclusions from Farm Management Survey (FMS) and June Agricultural Census data. Despite the qualifications expressed, the paper includes analyses of FMS farm performance ratios. The results support those of other studies in suggesting a threshold around the two to four man farm size but it is argued that the performance ratios probably overstate the curvature in the true size and efficiency relationship. Résumé TAILLE DES EXPLOITATIONS, EFFICACITé ET ECONOMIES D'éCHELLE Bien que le terme efficacitééconomique soit une notion très largement invoquée, il est néanmoins très difficile de la saisir et la mesurer. Cet article se propose d'examiner certaines des difficultés rencontrées dans la définition de cette expression, en se plaçant particulièrement sous Vangle de comparaisons entre exploitations de tailles différentes. L'examen de certaines des difficultés qu'il y a à tirer des conclusions de l'enquěte sur la gestion des exploitations agricoles (Farm Management Survey) et des statistiques agricoles de juin est précédé d'une analyse critique des problèmes conceptuels. En dépit des réserves exprimées, cet article renferme aussi des présentations succinctes des données les plus récentes provenant de ces deux sources, parmi lesquelles des analyses statistiques des ratios de performance des exploitations tirées de la Farm Management Survey. Les résultats de ce travail concordent avec les conclusions d'autres études qui dégagent la présence d'un seuil aux environs de l'exploitation occupant de deux à trois hommes, mais en estimant toutefois que les ratios de performance accentuent avec exagération la courbe dans le rapport exact entre la taille et l'efficacité. Zusammenfassung FARMGRǒSSE, EFFIZIENZ UND WIRTSCHAFTLICHKEIT DER GROSSE Obwohl der Begriff der wirtschaftlichen Effizienz allgemein gebraucht wird, werfen die Definition und die Messung einer solchen Effizienz viele Problème auf Dieser Artikel beschàftigt sich mit einigen von ihnen, wobei insbesondere Vergleiche zwischen Farmen unterschiedlicher Grosse angestellt werden. Eine Diskussion begrifflicher Ergebnisse geht einer Untersuchung von einigen Problemen voraus, die mit den Folgerungen verbunden sind, die ans der Prǔfung des Farmmanagements (JFMS) und dem landwirtschaft‐lichen Zensusmaterial vom Junigezogen worden sind. Trotz der zum Ausdruck gèbrachten Einschrànkungen beinhaltet der Artikel eine kurze Darstellung der neuesten verfǔgbaren Information aus diesen zwei Quellen einschliesslich einiger statistischer Analysen von FMS Farmleistungsverhǎltnissen. Die Ergebnisse unterstǔtzen die anderer Studien und deuten darauf Un, dass eine Schwelle b...
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food 7This paper reports an attempt to identify the effects of various household characteristics on household food consumption. The analysis was based on National Food Survey (NFS) data for Grent Britain for the calendar year 1982. Consumption (per person per week) of various food items was related to each of the main household characteristics on which information is collected in the course of the Survey-location (both country/region and type of area), income (generally of the head of the household), household composition, age of housewife, housing tenure and freezer ownership. The results indicated that all these variables are important in the explanation of households ' food consumption pat terns. Expenditure. London: HMSO.
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