A series of unsymmetrical tetrapyrazinoporphyrazines (TPyzPzs) from the group of azaphthalocyanines with one peripherally attached amino substituent (donor) were synthesized, and their photophysical properties (fluorescence quantum yield and singlet oxygen quantum yield) were determined. The synthesized TPyzPzs were expected to undergo intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) as the main pathway for deactivating their excited states. Several structural factors were found to play a critical role in ICT efficiency. The substituent in the ortho position to the donor center significantly influences the ICT, with tert-butylsulfanyl and butoxy substituents inducing the strongest ICTs, whereas chloro, methyl, phenyl, and hydrogen substituents in this position reduce the efficiency. The strength of the donor positively influences the ICT efficiency and correlates well with the oxidation potential of the amines used as the substituents on the TPyzPz as follows: n-butylamine < N,N-diethylamine < aniline < phenothiazine. The ICT (with conjugated donors and acceptors) in the TPyzPz also proved to be much stronger than a photoinduced electron transfer in which the donor and the acceptor are connected through an aliphatic linker.

Both immunoscintigraphy and RIGS enable one to make a more accurate diagnosis. While treating the primary disease the use of RIGS may help in assessment of necessary extent of operation performance and in staging of the disease by revealing occult lymph nodes involved. Pre-operative immunoscintigraphy seems to be a useful diagnostic method for detection of tumour recurrence. When comparing two radiopharmaceuticals used, CEA-Scan seems to be more suitable for diagnostic studies, but using the Oncoscint for tumour recurrence detection had some specific benefit, too.

Intraoperative enteroscopy is accepted as the ultimate diagnostic procedure for complete investigation of the small bowel. Despite the introduction of double-balloon enteroscopy into clinical practice, intraoperative enteroscopy will be reserved for those cases where double-balloon enteroscopy cannot be performed or fails to investigate the entire small intestine, especially to prevent excessive bowel resection.

The case study focuses on design of the Singapore National Stadium roof and its architectural and structural constraints.The dialog between performance form generation and aesthetics was challenged through several design iterations and is critically reviewed in this paper.The collaboration of engineers and architects gave a form to this significant building that was slightly changed several times due to various conditions.The complex shape of the dome structure was resolved in one parametric model that could react on aesthetical and structural requirements.The landmark roof structure generated in computer had to be evaluated by designers and presented to decision making bodies.