Synaptophysin is a Ca2+-binding glycoprotein located in the presynaptic membrane and synaptic vesicles. This glycoprotein has been also involved in the release of neurotransmitters. The presence of synaptophysin within the cochlear nuclear complex of several animal species was analyzed. Differences in size and neuronal density of the cochlear nuclei were observed between the animal species studied. In fact, cat and rat cochlear nuclei showed a very similar morphology and neuronal distribution, while mouse, hamster and guinea pig exhibited important differences. The morphology and arrangement of synaptic boutons, for each neuronal type considered, were similar among species.
Astrocytes play important roles in the development, maintenance and function of neural circuits. We have studied the astrocytic cytoarchitecture of the adult rat cochlear nuclei using a monoclonal antibody against glial fibrillary acidic protein, a well-known intermediate filament of the cytoskeleton of the glial cells. The cochlear nuclear complex is the first central step in the ascending auditory pathway. The morphology and distribution of astrocytes, as well as the relationship of astroglial processes with neurons, have been found to be different in the three main subdivisions of the cochlear nuclei and could be related to their function.
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